tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6041928764294567512024-03-05T15:39:28.740+05:30 Swatantra Kumar Delve Deep inside TechnologySwatantra Choudharyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15699364456623432980noreply@blogger.comBlogger66125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-604192876429456751.post-32037750268709467122012-04-07T23:57:00.001+05:302012-04-07T23:57:26.283+05:30Decoding IFSC code<span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">IFSC Code is Indian Financial System Code, which is an eleven character code assigned by RBI to identify every bank branches uniquely, that are participating in NEFT system in India. This code is used by electronic payment system applications such as RTGS, ,National Electronic Fund Transfer and CFMS.</span>
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The code is of 11 characters. The first part is the first 4 alphabet characters representing the Bank. Next character is 0(zero), this is reserved for future use. The branch code is the last six characters. To know what is IFSC Code deeply, go through the article fully. Otherwise, if you need IFSC Code of any branch, just follow the instructions below.</div>
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<span style="color: #339966; font-size: 1.286em;">How to find IFSC code?</span></div>
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Normally, this 11 digit code will be printed on cheque book for NEFT enabled banks. Also, you can find bank IFSC code, bank details, branch address for all banks in India by following link. By using 4 steps you can easily find this code and branch location.</div>
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<a href="http://banksifsccode.com/" style="color: #2361a1; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #ff6600; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">IFSC Code</strong></span></a><span style="color: #111111;"> </span><span style="color: magenta; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">< Click Here or </span></div>
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<ul>
<li><a href="http://bankifsccode.com/" style="color: #111111;">http://bankifsccode.com/</a><span style="color: #111111;"> </span></li>
<li><a href="http://banksifsccode.com/" style="color: #111111;">http://banksifsccode.com/</a><span style="color: #111111;"> </span></li>
<li><a href="http://www.ifsc-code.com/" style="color: #111111;">http://www.ifsc-code.com/</a><span style="color: #111111;"> </span></li>
<li><a href="http://www.ifsccodebank.com/" style="color: #111111;">http://www.ifsccodebank.com/</a><span style="color: #111111;"> </span></li>
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1. Select your Bank (eg : State Bank of India)</div>
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2. Select your State</div>
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3. Select your District</div>
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4. Select your Branch name – Now you can find IFSC Code, MICR Code, Address and Contact phone number of your bank branch.</div>
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<span style="font-size: 1.286em;">Reserve Bank of India (RBI)</span></div>
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RBI is the central banking institution of India which controls Indian rupee and all banks. It controls inter bank money transfer in all over India banks through RTGS and NEFT. It was established in April 1, 1935 and nationalized in 1949. Reserve Bank of India is fully owned by government of India.</div>
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Functions of RBI</h2>
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1. Authority in monetary</h3>
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RBI monitors and implements the monetary policy which maintains price stability in productive sectors.</div>
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2. Maintain financial system</h3>
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It manages country’s financial and banking system which provides cost-effective banking solutions to customers.</div>
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3. Foreign exchange management</h3>
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Reserve Bank of India facilitates to maintain foreign exchange and trade FOREX (foreign exchange) market in India.</div>
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4. Currency issuer</h3>
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Reserve Bank of India issues / exchanges / destroys currency notes and coins in India.</div>
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5. Role of development</h3>
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RBI operates wide range of development functions to achieve national goals.</div>
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6. Other functions</h3>
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RBI maintains all merchant banking account for state and central banks.</div>
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RTGS (Real Time Gross Settlement) brief explanation</h2>
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RTGS (Real Time Gross Settlement) is a fund transfer system used to transfer money from one bank to another. This gross basis transfer is a real time transfer system. This system can performs for large value of transaction, minimum amount can be transferred is Rs.2,00,000. There is no maximum amount limit for this transaction.</div>
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Time taken for transferring funds</h3>
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The time taken for receiving funds to beneficiary account in real time when the remitting bank transferred funds. The remitting customer can receive acknowledgment from RBI when the funds transferred.</div>
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RTGS process</h2>
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Normally RBI allows to use four flow structure (V, Y, L, T) in fund transfer. In RTGS system, RBI decided to use Y shaped flow structure in this system. The following flows of instructions are used in this structure.</div>
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1. The remitting bank will be send payment instruction to central processer’s technical operator</div>
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2. The central processor acknowledge stripping of message and sending original message with set of instructions (what the amount to be transferred, what is IFSC code of branch, issuing and receiving banks identification etc.) to central bank</div>
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3. The central bank process debit of remitting bank’s account and credit to beneficiary bank’s account. After transaction completed then, sending confirmation to central processor</div>
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4. The central processor re-constructing of payment message with stripped information (beneficiary details) and sending message to receiving bank with proper details</div>
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RTGS processing/service charges</h2>
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<tr style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><td style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" width="180"><strong style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Transaction</strong></td><td style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" width="180"><strong style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Charges</strong></td></tr>
<tr style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><td style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Inward transactions</td><td style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Free, no charges</td></tr>
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a] 2 lakhs to 5 lakhs</div>
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b] Above 5 lakhs</div>
</td><td style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <div style="margin-bottom: 1.571em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
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Not exceeding Rs.25</div>
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Not exceeding Rs.50</div>
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Benefits of RTGS</h2>
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Real time fund transfer</h3>
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All transactions are processed and settled in real time basis.</div>
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Credit risk eliminated</h3>
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There is no credit and liquidity risks in RTGS payment system. The beneficiary bank customer can receive payment instantly when the central bank system accepted request.</div>
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Efficiency of economy</h3>
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Without exposing settlement risk, the payments are ensuring quick and secure in financial market transactions and major business solution.</div>
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RTGS coverage</h2>
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The RTGS payment system was launched on 26th, March 2004 by RBI with involving four banks only. Presently it covers 109 banks in 13750 branches and 508 clearing centers. More than 800 cities/towns are covered for customer transaction.</div>
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NEFT (National Electronic Fund Transfer) brief explanation</h2>
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NEFT (National Electronic Fund Transfer) is an online national-wide fund transfer system supported by RBI. It is used by an individual, firm and corporate to transfer payment as electronically. NEFT is used for small and medium amount transfer between banks and accounts. No minimum amount limit for NEFT.</div>
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Time taken for transferring funds</h3>
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NEFT process to transfer funds on hourly batches. In week days there are 11 settlements (starts at 9 A.M and ends at 7 P.M) and in Saturday there are 5 settlements (starts at 9 A.M ends at 1 P.M). Normally the payment will be send to the RBI within 3 hours when remitting account given request for transaction. The actual time to take transaction completed depends on beneficiary bank to process the funds.</div>
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NEFT process</h2>
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In this payment system process payment transfer from remitting account to beneficiary account involved 5 levels of operations. They are,</div>
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Level 1:</h3>
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If anyone (corporate, firm or individual) likes to transfer their funds from their remitting account to beneficiary account through NEFT payment system, they need to fill the form with beneficiary account details (beneficiary account holder name, account number, what is IFSC code of branch, maximum amount to transfer and account type). This application form can available from all banking branches. Customers can available facility to transfer their funds through online by using internet banking and mobile banking facilities. Some banks are offers to use NEFT transfer by using their ATMs. The remitting customer can authorize transfer specified amount to beneficiary account.</div>
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Level 2:</h3>
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The remitting bank branch begains with payment transfer message and send it to NEFT service centre.</div>
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Level 3:</h3>
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The service centre stripping message and forward to NEFT clearing centre (controlled by RBI) with details of next batch available to transfer payment.</div>
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Level 4:</h3>
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The NEFT clearing centre ascending fund transfer requests as beneficiary bank-wise. Then creates payment entries to debit funds from remitting banks and credit payments to beneficiary banks. Also, NEFT service centre sends response messages to destination bank-wise.</div>
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Level 5:</h3>
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The acceptance message receives destination banks from NEFT clearing centre and transfer credit to beneficiary account.</div>
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NEFT processing/service charges</h2>
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From March 31, 2011 RBI refrain from insisting the processing/service charges to member banks. So, member banks who are participating in NEFT fund transfer no need to pay any charges to RBI. The following charges are rationalized under RBI.</div>
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Beneficiary bank’s inward transaction:</h3>
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No need to pay any charges from beneficiaries for payment transfer to destination accounts.</div>
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Beneficiary bank’s outward transaction:</h3>
<table border="1" style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 376px;"><tbody style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<tr style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><td style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" width="180"><strong style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Transaction</strong></td><td style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" width="180"><strong style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Charges</strong> (+service tax)</td></tr>
<tr style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><td style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Below Rs.1 lakh</td><td style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Rs.5</td></tr>
<tr style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><td style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Rs.1 lakh and up to Rs.2 lakhs</td><td style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Rs.15</td></tr>
<tr style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><td style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Above 2lakhs</td><td style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Rs.25</td></tr>
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Payment transfer from India to Nepal:</h3>
<table border="1" style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 396px;"><tbody style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<tr style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><td style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" width="190"><strong style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Transaction</strong></td><td style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" width="190"><strong style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Charges</strong> (+service tax)</td></tr>
<tr style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><td style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Remitting banks from India</td><td style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Upto Rs.5</td></tr>
<tr style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><td style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">SBI (if beneficiary account maintained with Nepal SBI Ltd. (NSBL)</td><td style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Upto Rs.20</td></tr>
<tr style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><td style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">SBI (if shares this same fund with NSBL)</td><td style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">No charges</td></tr>
<tr style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><td style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Beneficiary branch not maintained accoumt with NSBL</td><td style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Rs.50 (transfer up to Rs.5000) <div style="margin-bottom: 1.571em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
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Rs.75 (transfer above Rs.5000)</div>
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Benefits of NEFT:</h2>
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Eco-friendly:</h3>
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The total process of NEFT is eco-friendly and drastically reduce paperwork.</div>
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Secure and efficient:</h3>
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This system performs seamless transfer of funds from one bank to another. During the transaction there are no chances to occur mistakes and whole operation is said to be quick and highly secure.</div>
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Economic efficiency:</h3>
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NEFT fund transfer service charge is much less instead of making transfer by using pay order or demand draft.</div>
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Risk free transfer:</h3>
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There is no credit and liquidity risks in NEFT payment system. The fund transfer request is processed and settled in day’s time.</div>
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RTGS Vs NEFT</h2>
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When compared to RTGS and NEFT, RTGS payment transfer system based on gross settlement and NEFT payment transfer system based on net settlement. Gross settlement is known as transaction held without bouncing other transaction on one-to-one basis.Net settlement is known as transaction completed in specific time of batches.</div>
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Basically RTGS fund transfer used for large amount of transaction, the minimum amount can be 2 lakhs. In NEFT system can allows to transfer small amount of funds, there is no minimum value.</div>
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Reading What is MICR Code, What is SWIFT Code and What is IBAN number… will make more understanding.</div>Swatantra Choudharyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15699364456623432980noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-604192876429456751.post-23050358634705118152012-04-07T23:48:00.000+05:302012-04-07T23:48:14.644+05:30Decoding Bank Swift Code<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;">The best place to find your swift code is the </span><a href="http://www.swift.com/biconline/" style="background-color: white; color: #003366; font-family: Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;">Swift Website</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;">. Once you go there you can use the search box to find the swift code for your specific Bank Branch if you have little idea about what the swift code for the bank in that particular country is. If you do not have any clue our swift code blog is here. </span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;">If you do, just enter the bank code and suffixed country code, say IN for India and US for United States there in box and press Return. You will find the list of Branches that are linked to Swift international and have been assigned any swift code or BIC number to that branch of the bank. Sometimes it also shows the swift codes for the bank which are not active any more they are not shown in the same color as others.</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;">If you do not have any clue about the swift code for your Bank, you can use the advanced search option here: </span><a href="http://www.swift.com/bsl/freequery.do" style="background-color: white; color: #003366; font-family: Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;">advanced Swift Code Search</a><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;" /><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;">Second way to find the swift code is to search it using the simple search fields on this page of our swift code website: </span><a href="http://swift-codes.blogspot.com/2008/01/what-is-bic-or-swift.html" style="background-color: white; color: #003366; font-family: Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;">Swift Code search</a><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;" /><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;">Thirdly you can call your bank to provide the swift code for the branch you are looking for.</span>Swatantra Choudharyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15699364456623432980noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-604192876429456751.post-48974408973326836462012-04-07T23:43:00.001+05:302012-04-07T23:43:31.392+05:30Swift Code vs IBAN<br />
Since there were many queries about the difference between swift / bic and IBAN code. Here I am trying to explain the same. Hope this helps.<br />
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• SWIFT code is for identification of a bank or business while IBAN is International Bank Account Number.<br />
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• IBAN is used by customers to send money abroad while SWIFT is used by banks to exchange financial and non financial transactions.<br />
At the same time, you need to fill this information yourself, while banks require it.<br />
• IBAN allows for easier and faster money transfers worldwide.<br />Swatantra Choudharyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15699364456623432980noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-604192876429456751.post-1320763521400652862011-12-18T19:57:00.003+05:302011-12-18T19:57:45.957+05:30Making your crores<div style="text-align: justify;">
You are well paid, well off, have a good lifestyle. But can you afford to stop working? If your answer is 'No', then you are just financially stable - as long as you get your monthly cheque - but far from being financially independent. You're also not alone - a large number of people retire without being financially independent.<br />
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Financial independence is a state where you are free from all liabilities and have created sufficient wealth that can generate a constant stream of income that allows you to maintain your lifestyle without having to work them. Getting there requires meticulous planning and disciplined investment.<br />
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It also means revisiting your portfolio and investment strategy to ensure that your plan is not getting derailed by external factors like market forces and interest rate variables. Swatantra Kumar, 33, who works with a multinational firm in New Delhi, is a perfect example of a man moving towards attaining financial independence. Married to Shelly who also works, Kumar feels that he would need Rs 75 lakh for his three-year-old son, Lakshit's higher education, marriage and their own retirement. Swatantra invests Rs 24,000 per month in a disciplined manner in mutual funds, Public Provident Fund and National Savings Certificate to meet these goals.<br />
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To be financially independent you need just six simple steps - finding out how much money you have today, knowing how much you need for tomorrow, getting adequate life cover (through a pure term plan only, do not buy any other insurance product), investing the surplus as per your risk taking ability, and writing a Will.<br />
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Home buying tops the priority list of all individuals and also is one of the most important asset that one builds. Also, with the availability of loan, which offers tax benefits, it becomes more beneficial.<br />
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While experts advise not to take loan for a depreciating asset, they say that individuals should careful while taking a home loan and not over-leverage in a bid to build the asset.<br />
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"One should not stretch to buy the house, buy only when the income is sufficient to support the purchase and keep headroom to meet increase in EMI (equated monthly installment)," said Amar Pandit, a Mumbai-based financial planner. The EMI should be such that it offers room for saving. "Ensure that you save 10-30 per cent of your income after you have paid your EMIs as it will act as a cushion in rainy days and you will be able to pay the EMI from the corpus built," said Lovaii Navlakhi, managing director of the Bengaluru-based financial planning firm International Money Matters.<br />
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Once basic needs are covered, it is time to plan for wealth creation. Simple projections show that you do not need millions to make millions. All you need to do is begin investing - and begin early. An investment of Rs 5,000 per month started at age 25 can become Rs 1.6 crore by the age of 50 if invested in an instrument that returns an annual rate of 15 per cent.<br />
<br />
"While equity and debt investment will differ individually, as a thumb rule one can allocate 100 minus your age in equity and the rest in debt," said Surya Bhatia, principal consultant at the Delhi-based financial planning firm, Asset Managers. "Gold can also form a part and one can invest 5-10 per cent in it."</div>Swatantra Choudharyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15699364456623432980noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-604192876429456751.post-13004717519999775332011-12-18T19:01:00.001+05:302011-12-18T19:02:08.799+05:30How my handwriting has changed since Kindergarten<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<br /></div>Swatantra Choudharyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15699364456623432980noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-604192876429456751.post-61867324979960047342011-12-18T18:57:00.000+05:302011-12-18T18:57:52.375+05:30Why I hate Sachin Tendulkar? Still wish for Bharat Ratna!<span style="font-family: Arial, 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Georgia, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; text-align: justify;">Everytime the day starts off with the dazzling smile when I dream about sachin..He is the guy who made the whole nation stand on their feet.There are reasons to hate him...These are some to the person who lived his last 21 years in loving him...</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Georgia, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">1. He always plays a brilliant innings before my exam and hence doesn’t let me study. </span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Georgia, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; text-align: left;"></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Georgia, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; text-align: left;">2. Every time that I think of becoming an atheist, he gets into the nineties and I have no choice but to pray.</span></div>
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3. Every time I take a resolution not to bite my nails, he gets into the nineties and I am left with no choice but to chew on my nails.</div>
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4. He costs way too much on ‘super selector’ but since I have to pick him, the rest of my team gets weakened.</div>
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5. During a match, invariably when I want to go to the bathroom, he hits a boundary and hence I have no choice but to sit and watch the replay. Even my father/friends wont allow me to change the sit when Sachin is batting. No one cares about my agony.</div>
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Georgia, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
6. As soon as I convince myself that God does not exist, he plays a straight drive and proves me wrong.</div>
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7. He brings the whole country to a standstill whenever he bats.</div>
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8. And the last and the biggest reason why I hate Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar … He is going to retire sometime in the future .. A slightest thought about his retirement brings tears in my eyes .. When he will retire, I feel that my life will come to a complete standstill .. How will I live without watching him on the field, without seeing him scoring tons and tons of runs, without hearing his baby voice .. Uffff , why Sachin why ?? .. Why were you born In India and why did you play cricket ?? .. I just love you so much that we cant see you going ..</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Georgia, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Georgia, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">As they say, commit all your crime when Sachin is batting, coz even GOD is watching his batting. That he can feel more pain than the youngest team member and the oldest fan, is a fact that deserves a story by itself. But for me, that is enough to forget my pain and stand in unreserved applause for the man who makes me feel more Indian than any other. So true !! Hats off to the master !! I strongly recommend and pray for Bharat Ratna to him.</span></div>Swatantra Choudharyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15699364456623432980noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-604192876429456751.post-87008264830485702642011-12-07T19:25:00.001+05:302011-12-11T19:34:59.072+05:30Mozilla's Memory Issue solved<div style="text-align: justify;">
Mozilla’s 6-week release cycle is a bold
new step that ensures frequent release of updates, and users will now
get the new features faster than ever. The latest stable release of
Firefox is a big leap forward for Mozilla as it solves the oldest,
biggest and probably one of the most irritating of bugs in the browser,
the memory bug.</div>
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As posted on Mozilla’s support forum <a href="http://www.geeksfromindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/firefox-logo.png" style="float: right; padding: 10px;"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-3608" height="133" src="http://www.fortystones.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Mozilla-300x283.jpg" title="Mozilla" width="150" /></a><a href="http://kb.mozillazine.org/">Mozillazine</a>,
“Firefox caches objects for future use. In addition, memory becomes
fragmented as memory is repeatedly allocated and de-allocated. This
general increase is normal.[<a href="http://kb.mozillazine.org/Reducing_memory_usage_-_Firefox">1</a>]” In other words, Firefox can’t efficiently return the memory it allocates when it’s no longer needed by it.</div>
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Those who keep 10/15+ tabs open at the
same time will know how irritating it gets when the system memory gets
sloppy. Stream two videos at the same time on youtube while checking
updates on Facebook or browsing picture galleries, and everything
freezes up. Browser crashes and unresponsive video drivers were a common
occurence in Firefox 5 and older. There were hacks in the about:config
page to solve this issue but they weren’t guaranteed to work, definitely
not up to the level we needed it to work. They weren’t much help to me
at least.</div>
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Firefox 5 was an even bigger memory hog than the previous releases. Even the Memoryfox Addon (<a href="https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/memory-fox/">here</a>) couldn’t do much. (Firefox 6 had buttons added in the about:memory page to do the memory flushing.)</div>
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But Firefox developers have finally
taken the matter seriously and Mozilla claims that in Firefox 7 and
onwards the memory leakage problem will be solved.</div>
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I’ve been using the browser (Firefox 7)
for a week now and it does feel faster than Firefox 5 or 6. Memory
leakage, not gone but considerably reduced as memory usage by Firefox 7
is much less after long use compared to Firefox 5. Firefox 8, which is
still in beta, doesn’t add anything more to memory management compared
to Firefox 7, but then again, it has more than a month left for its
scheduled release.</div>
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</div>
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Also, at the time of writing of this
article, both the Aurora and the Nightly builds of Firefox, feel a lot
faster. Try pages with lots of graphics, pictures, videos and lots of
different colors, open on 10 or more tabs, and it still has no problems
while switching between tabs. Personally I’ve had no problems switching
between 20 tabs, most of them full of pictures, while logged on to all
three of Facebook, twitter and google+ (doing all this would either
cause your display to freeze or your browser to crash on Firefox 5).
Many users have said that Firefox 7 is just as good with 40+ tabs as
well.
With the developments that we see in these beta releases and
considering the all that time still left for the final release of
Firefox 8, 9 and 10 (For now these are the beta, aurora and nightly
builds until their stable versions are out. You can download them from
from <a href="http://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/channel/">here</a> and <a href="http://nightly.mozilla.org/">here</a>), it is certain that these new versions do have something to offer. You can learn more about these builds <a href="http://blog.mozilla.com/blog/2011/04/13/new-channels-for-firefox-rapid-releases/">here</a>.</div>Swatantra Choudharyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15699364456623432980noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-604192876429456751.post-82220668788993389352011-09-26T16:20:00.000+05:302011-09-26T16:20:42.338+05:30Who's Stealing Your WiFi<div style="text-align: justify;">
It may be hard to imagine, but just a mere 20 years ago, the Internet was nothing more than a novelty -- a way for incredibly smart college professors and researchers to share information, and for a few people to network across the newly developed World Wide Web. E-mail was nothing like it is today. The primitive e-mail systems found at universities or even through accounts offered with the first Internet service providers (ISPs) such as Prodigy and America Online were often difficult to use.</div>
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Fast forward to 2009 and things have changed significantly. Back in the day, you paid for Internet access by the minute. That's not the case anymore. Like virtually every technology, changes occur quickly and often for the better. On top of that, the technology becomes cheaper and easier to use. The Internet has certainly gone through this transformation. The most recent advance in digital communication is wireless internet or WiFi. Found in coffee shops, libraries and airports throughout the world, WiFi has made using the Internet almost as common as using your cellular phone -- which in itself is technology that exploded over the past decade. Unfortunately, unsavory activities inevitably find a way to enter even the most benign settings like the Internet, and that's (probably) why you're here.</div>
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Chances are you're reading this article because you suspect someone is piggybacking or using your WiFi without your permission and you want to learn how to determine if you're correct. When wireless squatters steal your WiFi, they slow down your bandwidth and what's worse, they can even steal information off your computer or infect machines on your network with a virus. Fear not, this article will give you the ammunition to fight back. Let's begin by taking a quick look at what makes up your WiFi network so you can prepare yourself to take control of the Internet connection you pay for. </div>
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<strong>Understanding Your WiFi Network</strong></div>
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Before you can detect if someone is ripping off your wireless Internet connection, it's important to understand some basic computer networking lingo. For more information on how to set up a wireless network, take a look at How WiFi Works. Now, let's look at a few of the areas in a wireless network that will give you a baseline for determining if your WiFi signal is being sapped unexpectedly.</div>
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A wireless network is comprised of a broadband Internet connection from a DSL, cable or satellite modem. You attach the modem to the wireless router, which distributes the signal and creates a network.</div>
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This is what's called a local area network (LAN). This LAN is where you set up computer peripherals such as your desktop or laptop computer and printer. Your router will have what's called a dynamic host client protocol (DHCP) table. In essence, your DHCP table is your guest list of every allowed piece of computing equipment.</div>
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Each device has its own media access control (MAC) address. Think of this as its signature. MAC addresses are assigned by the manufacturer, but can be changed by users, if they know how. Your router uses these addresses to assign each machine on your network an Internet protocol or IP address. The MAC and IP addresses of your equipment will be useful in a moment when we look at ways to detect whether or not someone is stealing your WiFi. For a more in-depth understanding of IP addresses, read What is an IP address?</div>
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If you're confused by some of this computer rhetoric, don't be. What's important is that you know what to look for when we get ready to diagnose your WiFi connection. Speaking of which, let's get to it in the next section. After all, that's what you came here for. </div>
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<strong>Detecting Wireless Piggybacking</strong> </div>
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Okay, it's time to get down to it. Is your wireless network running slowly? Do you have intermittent losses in Internet access and you can't figure out why? Chances are, you've already detected a WiFi squatter and didn't even know it. If you regularly experience these problems, maybe you have something wrong with your wireless connection. But if you're suddenly having intermittent problems with your Internet performance, especially at the same time each day, it's a red flag that someone is piggybacking off your wireless connection and it's time for you to diagnose your WiFi network. </div>
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The first and simplest thing you can do is check out your wireless network connection and see if it's secure. When you install your router, you're given the option of setting a wireless encryption protocol (WEP) key. Basically this is a password-protected method for you to log on to your own wireless network. If you don't have one, you're operating an open network. That means anyone within range can use your wireless for free. While it's not hacking, it is debatable as to whether this is actually stealing. In any case, if you don't have a WEP key, you're vulnerable to WiFi squatting and certainly not deterring squatters.</div>
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Even if you have a WEP key, that doesn't necessarily mean your neighbor hasn't bypassed it. To determine if he or she is logging onto your wireless network, you can do so by checking your wireless network log. To do this, click your Start Menu in Microsoft Windows, then double-click My Network Places. Next, double-click View Entire Network. If there are more devices connected than you have allowed on your network, you have WiFi thieves.</div>
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A similar method to determining the status of your WiFi user list is to check your router's DHCP client table. Much like viewing your network, your DHCP client table will list the machines on your network. If the number exceeds what you've set up, you have someone stealing your WiFi.</div>
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Nobody wants to be taken advantage of. What's more, you certainly don't want illegal information flowing through your wireless network. That's why you need to take matters in your own hands. The final section will give you the power to thwart off Internet thieves and protect your wireless connection. Are you ready to fight back? Roll the page to learn how. </div>
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<strong>Stopping Digital Thieves</strong> </div>
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A WEP key is an absolute must for any wireless network; however, even those are vulnerable. While WEP protection will stop the guy parking in front of your house, it may not stop a more determined user like your neighbor. In that case, you can use a security protocol such as WiFi protected access (WPA). This route is more secure but can still be hacked by a determined WiFi thief. </div>
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You can also use manual DHCP assignment. To do this, simply set your router's DHCP to the manual setting and enter in each of your computer's physical addresses. This will restrict your network to allow only those computers recognized by the router.</div>
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If the manual DHCP route isn't comfortable for your level of computer expertise, you may want to consider generating a MAC access list which usually can be created through the browser interface of the router. Unfortunately, MAC address lists can also be bypassed by savvy WiFi thieves; nevertheless, when used in conjunction with other security methods, they're probably enough on a small home network.</div>
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Internet monitoring software is also a viable option. Monitoring software will walk you through some of these methods and is user friendly for those who aren't as comfortable setting up wireless security methods. In addition, monitoring software makes it easy to see what is going on with your wireless connection. Your WiFi router may have some built-in software that will help you monitor your network. Explore the user guide and help section to see if there's a built-in application that will help.</div>
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Finally, turn off your router's SSID broadcasting. This effectively makes your network invisible. It's much harder to steal WiFi from a network that doesn't appear on anyone's radar.</div>
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Next time you suspect WiFi theft, peek out the front window and see if an unfamiliar car is parked in front of or close to your home. If so, you'll probably find someone in the car sapping your Internet. It sounds simple, but it could be just that easy to determine if someone is stealing your WiFi.</div>
Swatantra Choudharyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15699364456623432980noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-604192876429456751.post-1529519403717377402011-09-21T11:30:00.000+05:302011-09-21T11:30:47.804+05:30save username password in putty to auto-login<div style="font-family: inherit;">
For some versions of Putty it's as simple as:</div>
<pre style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><code>putty.exe root@example.com -pw mypasswordforexamplecom</code></pre>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
For those using Windows, you can simply create a shortcut and pass in those parameters. For example:</div>
<ol style="font-family: inherit;">
<li><b>Create a shortcut</b> on desktop to putty.exe</li>
<li><b>Rename the shortcut</b> to "PuTTY - example.com"</li>
<li>Right-click shortcut and choose <b>Properties</b></li>
<li>Modify the <b>target</b> similar to: "C:\Program Files\PuTTY\putty.exe" <code>user@example.com -pw password</code></li>
<li>You can also use IP Address of host in place of domain host name </li>
<li>Click OK</li>
</ol>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
Otherwise, you need to use a public key as explained here : <a href="http://www.cs.uwaterloo.ca/cscf/howto/ssh/public_key/#putty" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">"Creating and Copying Your Key-Pair in PuTTY SSH Client"</a>.</div>
<pre><code> </code></pre>
Swatantra Choudharyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15699364456623432980noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-604192876429456751.post-92169166952474881982011-09-15T19:41:00.000+05:302011-09-15T19:43:32.481+05:30One word that can make you RICH<div style="text-align: justify;">
I am sure you are all dying to hear what is this word…..well the word is NO. Nahi chahiye. Nyet. Nein. Vendam. Nako. Nathi Jothu. Do not want…..</div>
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the single word is NO. When I was reading an article recently I saw an article with similar headlines…it was an article in Newsweek and it said 'One word Can Save Your Life: No'.Make no mistake this article was written by a doctor. She was not trying to save on deductibles, she was not trying to save money….AND THEY WERE APPLYING it to THEIR LIVES.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
I could not but nod my head in agreement.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Cut. Come to India. With so many financial planners, quasi financial planners, quacks, banks, life and general insurance companies, mutual funds, portfolio advisors, portfolio managers, etc. fairly obviously somebody would have got you!</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
It is also so difficult NOT TO SEE THE ADVANTAGES when confronted by a good salesman (hopefully trained by me!!). Who can deny the need for focus, asset allocation, pension plan, child plan, neighbour's wife plan, own mother in hospital plan, funeral plan, broken dentures plan, cancer plan, kidney failure plan, tiger eating you on the highway plan, ….- given the right name, selling it to the retail 'prospect' seems like selling toothpaste.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
If you have teeth, you have to buy toothpaste, right?</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
So if you have a child you need a child plan, if you have a body you should have a medical plan, if somebody you knew got cancer, you need a cancer plan. Like they say anybody with a forehead thinks he can plan, so be it! If you will retire you need a retirement plan. ….so on and so forth.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
So you agree to a Wealth plan, a Child plan, a pension plan, a medical insurance plan, an endowment plan, a ULIP, and an income replacement plan. Then the next word 'Asset allocation'…sir you need to be in equities, gold, land, bonds, bank fixed deposits, post office savings, ppf, blah blah blah. Of course you need a few credit cards too.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Then the other word 'leveraging'. So you need a home loan, a car loan, a personal loan (taken to make the down payment of the house which you anyway cannot afford!), a travel or foreign tour plan, children's education loan, OMG these guys are innovative are they not?</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Then the dreaded word diversification again. Large cap fund, banking fund, pharma fund, gold fund, midcap fund, small cap fund, elss.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Now that you have said yes to all this — he says sir you need to be in different fund houses too — so a Hdfc, Prudential Icici, Reliance, ….and a few more fund houses as per the distribution targets of the 'advisor'.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
So now you have a fairly simple request converted to 4 pages of holdings, some as a SIP, some ULIPs, ….and the client is completely confused.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Frankly what does the customer need?</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Well if he has the ability, need and willingness to invest in education he should look at a couple of well managed multi cap funds like Hdfc top 200, Hdfc equity fund, Pru I discovery, Franklin India Bluechip…one term plan, one credit card..or to make it even simpler an index fund.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
And sir do not invest in a lumpsum — do a systematic investment plan, a systematic transfer plan, a trigger option, a variable investment plan, a weekly transfer, a monthly transfer plan……..another list of options!</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Once he has the basics in place, he should learn the art of say NO. No to channels, magazines, websites, blogs, planners, …just keep it simple dude.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Read the article and you will be able to relate to the financial world what that article says about the Medical world.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
PS: My doctor has kept me off medicines for the past 28 years. I love him. Not sure if I can say about all the doctors….I have a few friends, a few clients, a few readers of my blog, …..I just drew a parallel from a Newsweek article to our noble profession of advise!</div>
Swatantra Choudharyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15699364456623432980noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-604192876429456751.post-14926519415306241182011-07-03T21:28:00.000+05:302011-07-03T21:28:08.820+05:30The Roadies contestant and the Balochistan connection<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">He must have known what to expect. The auditioning panel always dishes out unhealthy dose of humiliation. So he smiles, seemingly unflappable.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">It’s been so long since I saw television that I’m stunned at the sight of a young man being insulted on national television. I’m squirming on behalf of this aspiring Roadies contestant, angry at the ‘judges’ who are calling him stupid to his face.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">But the next minute, the young man loses my sympathy when he says that he agrees with the ‘Ayodhya verdict’, though he doesn’t know what the verdict is. He doesn’t know what the Ayodhya issue is. He thinks Ayodhya is where a ‘war’ happened and confuses it with the big one in Kurukshetra (which features in the Mahabharata). This strapping young man also doesn’t know who the president of India is, but assumes she is male.</div><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">By the time the video clip ends, the interview panel is falling about laughing. They are calling him ‘cute’. How else do we deal with the fact that young, school-educated, urban Indians don’t know a thing about themselves or the forces that are shaping their nation? They’re so ignorant, they’re like children.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">And what does the unfortunate Roadies aspirant have to say for himself? “I don’t watch the news much.” Yeah, why find out about politics or history when you can watch Roadies on TV, or even better — be on TV!</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">I wouldn’t have cared about his refusal to read newspapers, or choosing to spend his life in the gym. But the thing is, he has a vote. Sooner or later, he will look around and notice that things aren’t okay. He will be angry and will want to fix things. But he will not know about Ayodhya. And because he doesn’t read the news, he will not know how, despite a high-profile investigation being underway, official documents that could have told us about the Gujarat government’s handling of the riots might have been destroyed. And so, he will not use his vote wisely.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">There was another video doing the rounds on Facebook a few months ago. A BBC (Urdu) reporter goes about Lahore, in Pakistan, asking people what they knew about Balochistan. Most people didn’t know anything, not even the names of Baloch towns. But they say, ‘It’s part of our country’. Others excuse themselves saying, ‘I’m not interested in politics’.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Sounds familiar, doesn’t it? We know there’s trouble in Manipur and Kashmir. But not much about the people there. Try talking to people in Mumbai or Delhi about why things are so bad in Kashmir, and you inevitably hear: “It’s an integral part of India!”</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">But we don’t want to know why there are questions about this integrity of India. Why get into the details, eh? We are not interested in politics. And we don’t like to read newspapers. We watch Roadies; we go the gym. And if things get bad, heck, for the sake of our nation/religion, we will use our muscles.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Watching the Roadies audition reminded me of some young men, volunteers for the Bajrang Dal in Mumbai, who wanted a Ram Mandir in Ayodhya. So I asked if they had read the Ramayana.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">They hadn’t, and didn’t want to. They just wanted to take a train to Ayodhya and do whatever their leaders demanded. I also asked them if they had Muslim neighbours, friends, colleagues? The answer was: no.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">A few months after this interview, Gujarat 2002 happened. I always wondered how young people become part of hate pogroms. Now I think I know. It comes from not knowing, not wanting to know.</div><br />
</div>Swatantra Choudharyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15699364456623432980noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-604192876429456751.post-65341143641896223032011-06-12T16:29:00.000+05:302011-06-12T16:29:30.788+05:30An act of Teaching<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">A chemistry professor decided to teach his students a different lesson one day. Holding a glass of water in his hand, he asked the students, “How much do you think this glass of water weighs?” “500 grams!” came a voice from the back. “600,” said another student. “I don’t really know!” said the professor, holding the glass up to make sure everyone could see it. “And unless we weigh it, we won’t know.” With the glass still in his outstretched hand, the professor continued, “What will happen if I hold it like this for a few minutes?”</div><div> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">“Nothing!” came the reply. “Right, and if I hold it for an hour like this, what might happen?” “Your hand will begin to hurt,” said a student. “Indeed. And what would happen if I held the glass in my hand like this for 24 hours?”</div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">“You would be in tremendous pain,” said one student. “Your hand will probably go numb,” said another. “Your arm will be paralyzed and we’ll need to rush you to the hospital!” said a student on the last bench.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">“True,” said the professor. “But notice that through all this, the weight of the glass did not change. What then causes the pain?”</div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">The class went quiet. The students seemed puzzled.“What should I do to avoid the pain?” asked the professor. “Put the glass down!” said a student.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">“Well said!” exclaimed the professor. “And that’s a lesson I want you to remember. The problems and worries in life are like that glass of water. Think about them for a while and nothing happens. But think about it a bit longer and they begin to hurt. And if you think about them all day long, you will feel paralysed – incapable of doing anything. It’s important to remember to let go of your problems. Remember to put the glass down!”</div><div style="text-align: justify;"> We may not have been in that classroom that day, but it’s a lesson we would all do well to remember. Put the glass down! Always. It’s not just problems and worries. Sometimes, we feel hurt and betrayed by a friend. And we carry that grudge through our lives. It grows and causes us anguish and pain. Learning to forgive – and forget – is not just good for the other people, it’s great for you. Nelson Mandela spent 27 years in jail and when he was finally freed, you can understand how angry and vengeful he must have felt. But guess what? When he became President, he invited his jailers to be present at the inauguration – in the VIP seats! If he could forgive after 27 years of suffering, surely we can too. </div><div style="text-align: justify;">It is the same with our fears too. A failure or an incident in early childhood becomes a deeply entrenched fear over time. Fear of public speaking, fear of Maths, fear of rejection. You name it, and chances are, we have it. Someone gave us that glass to hold when we were little kids – ‘you are clumsy, you are no good, you can’t do it’ - and we have faithfully held on to it all our lives. ‘I can’t’ - becomes a thought that stays in our mind and grows – leading us to complete paralysis. Time to put the glass down!</div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">The story goes that there was a hardworking man who lived a contented life with his wife and children. Every evening when he returned from work, he’d follow a ritual. Outside the door to his house were three nails. On the first one, he’d put his hat. On the second he’d hang his coat. And on the third nail, he’d unwrap an imaginary turban from his head and ‘put’ it there. A friend happened to see this and inquired what he was putting on the third nail every day.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">“Those are my problems, my worries and my anger,” said the man. “I have lots of that at work, but when I come home, I remember to take it off – and leave them outside. I don’t take them home with me.” Maybe you should learn to do that too. Starting today. Put the glass down. And see the difference! </div></div>Swatantra Choudharyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15699364456623432980noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-604192876429456751.post-10203470770880721132011-05-03T21:55:00.001+05:302011-05-03T22:07:40.377+05:30Entrepreneurship: Ways to become entrepreneur<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: justify;">I believe there are two ways to become an entrepreneur. One is to innovate and turn it into a company. Second is to work on an idea that may not necessarily come from you (and in most cases it doesn't). So you hook up with plenty of people who have good ideas and something probably will be born. If you have the drive to be an entrepreneur, you probably will become one. You don't have to spend endless cycles thinking of some innovation. You just have to hook up with the right people. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
<b>Entrepreneurship & Me ??</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Entrepreneurship depend upon the nature of my innovation and the market segment that the innovation addresses. If an idea requires a well entrenched sales and support infrastructure, I'd work with an institution. In this case, I can focus on the engineering aspect and leave business-related issues on people who have more experience than me. I have seen a lot of innovative ideas fail as they didn't have the right team that could complement the technical side.</div></div>Swatantra Choudharyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15699364456623432980noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-604192876429456751.post-46711769779074045752011-04-18T01:15:00.001+05:302011-05-03T21:33:34.543+05:30Find out the mail server without using any 3rd party tool<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Myself being a mail/web solution provider, always juggles with various mail related queries. Infact fond of playing with mail servers. With more than 2 years in the EMAIL hosting business, I am ready to take any task related to Web solutions.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">As I provide Push Email service(customized EMAIL solutions) to clients ranging from big Corporate and Multi-National Companies, Small retail vendors and even individuals, I've subscribed to various paid service to track down DNS related stuffs. Where i can get an idea whether Name server has been resolved or not. In short i am completely dependent on these 3rd party paid tools for NS, MX, A, CNAME, AAA, SOA, SRV DNS entries. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">One late night i was in Sedan with my personal notebook, on the way to home. Suddenly one of my client pinged on BB Msgr, just to know whether his domain has been transferred to managed server or not. As s/he was in worry, of losing corporate mails during downtime. The moment s/he buzzed I switched on the machine, and clicked on small Internet Explorer icon from the taskbar. Unfortunately it got crashed, due to installation of some wrong unstable pluggin in last update. Err!!! As said earlier, it was my personal small notebook, so using Windows with having single default browser IE (which i hate most. Undoubtedly Mozilla Firefox is every open source lover's 1st choice). Now I was in a situation to either tell my client blindly any thing(which i hate), or to find some really good stuff to let my-self know the exact current status of Name server/MX point status.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">After putting lots of pressure and stress on me, I succeeded to recall few set of commands, which i had read couple of years earlier in one Hacking journal. This helped me to find out the mail server address for virtually any domain, without using any 3rd party tool. Here it goes(considering your are having Windows OS):</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><div style="text-align: justify;">Open your command prompt (using win+R and type cmd)</div></li>
<li><div style="text-align: justify;">Type nslookup</div></li>
<li><div style="text-align: justify;">The prompt will change to ></div></li>
<li><div style="text-align: justify;">Type set q=mx (for mail exchange)</div></li>
<li><div style="text-align: justify;">Now type any domain name, you wish to find out server address for, e.g: swatantra.info</div></li>
<li><div style="text-align: justify;">Now look for the MX preference lines.</div></li>
<li><div style="text-align: justify;">These are the ones that list the various smtp/esmtp mail server addresses.. higher the preference no you choose the better.. because they'll work smoother..</div></li>
<li><div style="text-align: justify;">Once you get through, say exit to command prompt, to quit.</div></li>
</ul><div style="text-align: justify;">Huuh, till date i was using paid service.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div></div>Swatantra Choudharyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15699364456623432980noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-604192876429456751.post-6033624618151568422010-10-15T12:20:00.002+05:302010-10-15T12:24:45.985+05:30Solr<div style="text-align: justify;">Solr is the popular, blazing fast open source enterprise search platform from the Apache Lucene project. Its major features include powerful full-text search, hit highlighting, faceted search, dynamic clustering, database integration, and rich document (e.g., Word, PDF) handling. Solr is highly scalable, providing distributed search and index replication, and it powers the search and navigation features of many of the world's largest internet sites.</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Solr is written in Java and runs as a standalone full-text search server within a servlet container such as Tomcat. Solr uses the Lucene Java search library at its core for full-text indexing and search, and has REST-like HTTP/XML and JSON APIs that make it easy to use from virtually any programming language. Solr's powerful external configuration allows it to be tailored to almost any type of application without Java coding, and it has an extensive plugin architecture when more advanced customization is required. </div><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">Solr is a layer of code on top of Lucene that transforms Lucene into a search platform for building search applications. Solr was created by Yonik Seeley while at CNET and contributed to Apache by CNET. Solr provides the following capabilities:</div><br />
1. Web service: Solr places Lucene over HTTP, allowing programs written in any language to invoke Lucene<br />
2. XML-based schema for managing indexed fields and their characteristics<br />
3. System administration tools for configuration, data loading, index replication, statistics, logging and cache management<br />
4. Large scale distributed search<br />
5. Fixed/paid result list placement<br />
6. Faceting -- the dynamic clustering of items or search results into categories that lets users drill into search results (or even skip searching entirely) by any value in any field, as seen on popular ecommerce sites such as Amazon<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">Most users building Lucene-based search applications will find they can do so more quickly if they start with Solr since it contains many of the capabilities needed to turn a core search capability into a full-fledged search application. Most of the more recent large Lucene-based installations mentioned above use Solr, including AOL, Comcast Interactive Media and Netflix, and of course CNET. However, as in any open layered environment, users can still choose to work directly with the underlying Lucene library, perhaps to manipulate or exploit lower level Lucene capabilities.</div><br />
<b>Feature List of Solr</b><br />
<br />
1) Faceted search<br />
2) Full-text search<br />
3) Hit highlighting<br />
4) Dynamic clustering<br />
5) Sorting<br />
6) Filtering<br />
7) Spell checking<br />
8) Elevation<br />
9) Boosting at index and query time<br />
10) "Did you mean" spell checking <br />
11) Finding Documents that are "More like this" <br />
12) Overriding search results based on editorial input (also known as paid placement) <br />
13) Term <br />
14) Term Frequency <br />
15) Position (based on analysis) <br />
16) Offset (character based) <br />
17) IDF – Inverse Document Frequency <br />
18) CopyField functionality allows indexing a single field multiple ways, or combining multiple fields into a single searchable field<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>Query</b><br />
<br />
1 HTTP interface with configurable response formats (XML/XSLT, JSON, Python, Ruby)<br />
2 Sort by any number of fields<br />
3 Advanced DisMax query parser for high relevancy results from user-entered queries<br />
4 Highlighted context snippets<br />
5 Faceted Searching based on unique field values and explicit queries<br />
6 Spelling suggestions for user queries<br />
7 More Like This suggestions for given document<br />
8 Constant scoring range and prefix queries - no idf, coord, or lengthNorm factors, and no restriction on the number of terms the query matches.<br />
9 Function Query - influence the score by a function of a field's numeric value or ordinal<br />
10 Date Math - specify dates relative to "NOW" in queries and updates<br />
11 Performance Optimizations<br />
<br />
<b>Cache in Solr</b><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">Solr caches are associated with an Index Searcher — a particular 'view' of the index that doesn't change. So as long as that Index Searcher is being used, any items in the cache will be valid and available for reuse. Caching in Solr is unlike ordinary caches in that Solr cached objects will not expire after a certain period of time; rather, cached objects will be valid as long as the Index Searcher is valid.</div><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">The current Index Searcher serves requests and when a new searcher is opened, the new one is auto-warmed while the current one is still serving external requests. When the new one is ready, it will be registered as the current searcher and will handle any new search requests. The old searcher will be closed after all request it was servicing finish. The current Searcher is used as the source of auto-warming. When a new searcher is opened, its caches may be prepopulated or "autowarmed" using data from caches in the old searcher.</div><div style="text-align: justify;">There are currently two cache implementations — solr.search.LRUCache (LRU = Least Recently Used in memory), and solr.search.FastLRUCache. </div><br />
<b>Admin Interface</b><br />
1 Comprehensive statistics on cache utilization, updates, and queries<br />
2 Interactive schema browser that includes index statistics<br />
3 Replication monitoring<br />
4 Full logging control<br />
5 Text analysis debugger, showing result of every stage in an analyzer<br />
6 Web Query Interface w/ debugging output<br />
o parsed query output<br />
o Lucene explain() document score detailing<br />
o explain score for documents outside of the requested range to debug why a given document wasn't ranked higher.<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">To summarize, Solr is not meant to be a replacement for your RDBMS. Rather, Solr should be used to develop the search service .Solr does a good job of searching and finding relevant items for a query. In truth all search engines can and should be tuned, Solr are no exception. </div><span style="color: #888888;"><br />
</span>Swatantra Choudharyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15699364456623432980noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-604192876429456751.post-19138175326761602122010-09-02T11:21:00.001+05:302010-09-02T11:22:26.654+05:30Code Injection Masquerades as Google AnalyticsA new mass injection tries pass the rogue code added to compromised websites as the Google Analytics script. The attack is actually part of a malicious campaign to distribute a new piece of scareware that has a very low detection rate.<br />
<br />
The compromises are likely the result of SQL injection vulnerabilities in mostly ASP and ASP.NET websites. Successful exploitations leads to a rogue <script> tag being injected right after the </title> element in the HTML output.<br />
<br />
The src of the this tag loads a script called urchin.js from a domain with the name <b style="background-color: #cc0000;">google-server43.info</b>. This is clearly meant to hide the infection and pass the code as being part of Google Analytics, with which the urchin.js name is normally associated. The domain name is also indicative of this.<br />
<br />
Searching for the rogue script tag on Google reveals some 154,000 hits. Although these results include multiple infected pages under the same domain, it's pretty safe to assume that tens of thousands of websites have already been affected by this new attack.<br />
<br />
The rogue script performs a check to see if the visitor has already been targeted and if they weren't, proceeds to bombard them with bogus security alerts, which claim their system is infected with fictitious malware. This scareware campaign pushes a fake antivirus program called System Security AntiVirus.<br />
<br />
This sort of applications try to scare users into buying a license for a fake an useless product in order to clean their system of infections that didn't exist in the first place. This is a very profitable criminal model that has been for years now. Unfortunately victims of such scams, will not only depart with a considerable sum of money, but will also compromise their credit card details.<br />
<br />
The scareware file distributed in this case has a very low detection rate based on signatures alone. Only 4 of the 42 antivirus engines on VirusTotal currently <a href="http://www.virustotal.com/analisis/d3f940f3d6836bab9c74eed661b54b098281a52dd568a100f21fd9da18ab0bd7-1281368682" target="_blank">identify it</a> as malicious.Swatantra Choudharyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15699364456623432980noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-604192876429456751.post-89001198822553782262010-09-02T11:06:00.003+05:302011-08-28T15:31:32.006+05:30There is more to than meets the eye<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">This is a straightforward money mule pitch, so nothing very interesting in the message itself..<br />
<blockquote> <br />
From: james roberts <jamesroberts02@sify.com><br />
Reply-to: james.roberts@sify.com<br />
Date: 24 August 2010 13:13<br />
subject: JOB OFFER:APPLY IF YOU ARE INTERESTED.<br />
<br />
<br />
Hello,<br />
<br />
My name is JAMES ROBERTS , a designer also the Manager of JAMES ROBERTS FABRIC and Consultant live and work here in United Kingdom,will you like to work online from home and get paid without affecting your present job?<br />
<br />
Actually I need a representative who can be working for the company as online book-keeper. We make lots of supplies to some of our clients in the USA/CANADA/EUROPE, for which I do come to USA/CANADA/EUROPE to receive payment and have it cashed after I supply them raw materials. It’s always too expensive and stressful for me to come down and receive such payment twice in a month so I therefore decided to contact you.<br />
<br />
I am willing to pay you 10% for every payment receive by you from our clients who makes payment through you. Please note you don't have to be a book keeper to apply for the job.<br />
<br />
Kindly get back to me as soon as possible if you are interested in this job offer with your details:<br />
<br />
FULL NAMES...................<br />
ADDRESS ..................<br />
STATE..................<br />
ZIPCODE................<br />
COUNTRY................<br />
PHONE NUMBER(S)........<br />
GENDER.................<br />
AGE....................<br />
OCCUPATION.............<br />
<br />
Yours Faithfully,<br />
<br />
JAMES ROBERTS</jamesroberts02@sify.com></blockquote><br />
But the headers tell an interesting story..<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">Received: from mail.pna.ps ([213.244.123.84])</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"> by ********** with esmtp (Exim 4.69)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> id 1Onsd0-0004Yt-Jc</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> for **********; Tue, 24 Aug 2010 13:29:22 +0100</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">Received: from User (unknown [60.18.167.17])</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> by mail.pna.ps (Postfix) with ESMTPA id ED6A94476F;</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> Tue, 24 Aug 2010 15:12:09 +0300 (IDT)</span><br />
<br />
You can only really trust the last hop before it hits your mail server (in truth, not always then either). That IP is <b>213.244.123.84</b> which is indeed <b>mail.pna.ps</b>. <br />
<br />
So what the heck is .ps? Well, it turns out to be the TLD for Palestine, and the PNA is the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority">Palestinian National Authority</a>, with servers that look to be based in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramallah">Ramallah</a> on the West Bank. So, it looks like the PNA mail servers are either insecure or compromised.<br />
<br />
Did you even know that Palestine had a TLD of its own? I didn't.. so I guess this spam has tought me something!</div>Swatantra Choudharyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15699364456623432980noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-604192876429456751.post-50009080233374164872010-05-18T19:29:00.007+05:302010-05-18T19:55:36.332+05:30Most Common Terms in Internet Industry<div id="bodyContent" class="col-10"><br />
<table summary="Contents" class="toc" id="toc"><tbody>
<tr><td><div id="toctitle"><h2><a name="top"></a><br />
Contents</h2></div><ul><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Absolute_Path"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Absolute Path</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Absolute_URI"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Absolute URI</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Apache"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Apache</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Array"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Array</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#ASCII"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">ASCII</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Atom"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Atom</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Avatar"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Avatar</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Binaries"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Binaries</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Blog"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Blog</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Blogging"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Blogging</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Blogosphere"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Blogosphere</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Blogroll"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">Blogroll</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Bookmarklet"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">Bookmarklet</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Boolean"><span class="tocnumber">14</span> <span class="toctext">Boolean</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Category"><span class="tocnumber">15</span> <span class="toctext">Category</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Capabilities"><span class="tocnumber">16</span> <span class="toctext">Capabilities</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#CGI"><span class="tocnumber">17</span> <span class="toctext">CGI</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Character_Entity"><span class="tocnumber">18</span> <span class="toctext">Character Entity</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Character_Set"><span class="tocnumber">19</span> <span class="toctext">Character Set</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#chmod"><span class="tocnumber">20</span> <span class="toctext">chmod</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Class"><span class="tocnumber">21</span> <span class="toctext">Class</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Collation"><span class="tocnumber">22</span> <span class="toctext">Collation</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Comments"><span class="tocnumber">23</span> <span class="toctext">Comments</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Content"><span class="tocnumber">24</span> <span class="toctext">Content</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Content_Management_System"><span class="tocnumber">25</span> <span class="toctext">Content Management System</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#cPanel"><span class="tocnumber">26</span> <span class="toctext">cPanel</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#CSS"><span class="tocnumber">27</span> <span class="toctext">CSS</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Database"><span class="tocnumber">28</span> <span class="toctext">Database</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Default_theme"><span class="tocnumber">29</span> <span class="toctext">Default theme</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Deprecated"><span class="tocnumber">30</span> <span class="toctext">Deprecated</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Developer"><span class="tocnumber">31</span> <span class="toctext">Developer</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#DIV"><span class="tocnumber">32</span> <span class="toctext">DIV</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#DOM"><span class="tocnumber">33</span> <span class="toctext">DOM</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Draft"><span class="tocnumber">34</span> <span class="toctext">Draft</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Excerpt"><span class="tocnumber">35</span> <span class="toctext">Excerpt</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Feed"><span class="tocnumber">36</span> <span class="toctext">Feed</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#FTP"><span class="tocnumber">37</span> <span class="toctext">FTP</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Gallery"><span class="tocnumber">38</span> <span class="toctext">Gallery</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#GMT"><span class="tocnumber">39</span> <span class="toctext">GMT</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Gravatar"><span class="tocnumber">40</span> <span class="toctext">Gravatar</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Hack"><span class="tocnumber">41</span> <span class="toctext">Hack</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Hacking"><span class="tocnumber">42</span> <span class="toctext">Hacking</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Hosting_provider"><span class="tocnumber">43</span> <span class="toctext">Hosting provider</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#.htaccess"><span class="tocnumber">44</span> <span class="toctext">.htaccess</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#HTML"><span class="tocnumber">45</span> <span class="toctext">HTML</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#IP_address"><span class="tocnumber">46</span> <span class="toctext">IP address</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#ISAPI"><span class="tocnumber">47</span> <span class="toctext">ISAPI</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#JavaScript"><span class="tocnumber">48</span> <span class="toctext">JavaScript</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Linux"><span class="tocnumber">49</span> <span class="toctext">Linux</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Mac_OS_X"><span class="tocnumber">50</span> <span class="toctext">Mac OS X</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Meta"><span class="tocnumber">51</span> <span class="toctext">Meta</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Moblogging"><span class="tocnumber">52</span> <span class="toctext">Moblogging</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#mod_rewrite"><span class="tocnumber">53</span> <span class="toctext">mod_rewrite</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#MySQL"><span class="tocnumber">54</span> <span class="toctext">MySQL</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#News_reader"><span class="tocnumber">55</span> <span class="toctext">News reader</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Open_Source"><span class="tocnumber">56</span> <span class="toctext">Open Source</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Page"><span class="tocnumber">57</span> <span class="toctext">Page</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Perl"><span class="tocnumber">58</span> <span class="toctext">Perl</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Permalink"><span class="tocnumber">59</span> <span class="toctext">Permalink</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Permissions"><span class="tocnumber">60</span> <span class="toctext">Permissions</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#PHP"><span class="tocnumber">61</span> <span class="toctext">PHP</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#phpMyAdmin"><span class="tocnumber">62</span> <span class="toctext">phpMyAdmin</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Ping"><span class="tocnumber">63</span> <span class="toctext">Ping</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Pingback"><span class="tocnumber">64</span> <span class="toctext">Pingback</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Plugin"><span class="tocnumber">65</span> <span class="toctext">Plugin</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Port"><span class="tocnumber">66</span> <span class="toctext">Port</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Post_Slug"><span class="tocnumber">67</span> <span class="toctext">Post Slug</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Post_Status"><span class="tocnumber">68</span> <span class="toctext">Post Status</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Post_Type"><span class="tocnumber">69</span> <span class="toctext">Post Type</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Query_string"><span class="tocnumber">70</span> <span class="toctext">Query string</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Query_Variable"><span class="tocnumber">71</span> <span class="toctext">Query Variable</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#QuickTag"><span class="tocnumber">72</span> <span class="toctext">QuickTag</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#RDF"><span class="tocnumber">73</span> <span class="toctext">RDF</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Relative_Path"><span class="tocnumber">74</span> <span class="toctext">Relative Path</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Relative_URI"><span class="tocnumber">75</span> <span class="toctext">Relative URI</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Recordset"><span class="tocnumber">76</span> <span class="toctext">Recordset</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#RSS"><span class="tocnumber">77</span> <span class="toctext">RSS</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Robots.txt"><span class="tocnumber">78</span> <span class="toctext">Robots.txt</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Shell"><span class="tocnumber">79</span> <span class="toctext">Shell</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Sidebar"><span class="tocnumber">80</span> <span class="toctext">Sidebar</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Slug"><span class="tocnumber">81</span> <span class="toctext">Slug</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Smileys"><span class="tocnumber">82</span> <span class="toctext">Smileys</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Spam"><span class="tocnumber">83</span> <span class="toctext">Spam</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#SSH"><span class="tocnumber">84</span> <span class="toctext">SSH</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#SSL"><span class="tocnumber">85</span> <span class="toctext">SSL</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Subversion"><span class="tocnumber">86</span> <span class="toctext">Subversion</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Syndication"><span class="tocnumber">87</span> <span class="toctext">Syndication</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Tag"><span class="tocnumber">88</span> <span class="toctext">Tag</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Tagline"><span class="tocnumber">89</span> <span class="toctext">Tagline</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Task_Based_Documentation"><span class="tocnumber">90</span> <span class="toctext">Task Based Documentation</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Taxonomy"><span class="tocnumber">91</span> <span class="toctext">Taxonomy</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Telnet"><span class="tocnumber">92</span> <span class="toctext">Telnet</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Text_editor"><span class="tocnumber">93</span> <span class="toctext">Text editor</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Theme"><span class="tocnumber">94</span> <span class="toctext">Theme</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Trackback"><span class="tocnumber">95</span> <span class="toctext">Trackback</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Twenty_Ten_theme"><span class="tocnumber">96</span> <span class="toctext">Twenty Ten theme</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Unicode"><span class="tocnumber">97</span> <span class="toctext">Unicode</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Unix"><span class="tocnumber">98</span> <span class="toctext">Unix</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Unix_Time"><span class="tocnumber">99</span> <span class="toctext">Unix Time</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Web_server"><span class="tocnumber">100</span> <span class="toctext">Web server</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#XFN"><span class="tocnumber">101</span> <span class="toctext">XFN</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#XHTML"><span class="tocnumber">102</span> <span class="toctext">XHTML</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#XML"><span class="tocnumber">103</span> <span class="toctext">XML</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#XML-RPC"><span class="tocnumber">104</span> <span class="toctext">XML-RPC</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#More_Resources"><span class="tocnumber">105</span> <span class="toctext">More Resources</span></a></li>
</ul></td></tr>
</tbody></table><script type="text/javascript"> if (window.showTocToggle) { var tocShowText = "show"; var tocHideText = "hide"; showTocToggle(); } </script><br />
<a id="Absolute_Path" name="Absolute_Path"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Absolute Path </span></h2><p>An <b>absolute path</b> or <b>full path</b> is a unique location of a file or directory name within a computer or filesystem, and usually starts with the root directory or drive letter. Directories and subdirectories listed in a path are usually separated by a slash <code>/</code>.<br />
</p><p>Example: <code>/Users/Matt/www/blog/images/icecream.jpg</code><br />
</p><p>To find the <i>absolute path</i> of a page, copy the text below into a new text file, save the file as <code>path.php</code>. Then open it in a Web browser (for example, <code><a title="http://www.example.com/images/path.php" class="external free" href="http://www.example.com/images/path.php">http://www.example.com/images/path.php</a></code>).<br />
</p><pre><?php
$p = getcwd();
echo $p;
?>
</pre><ul><li> See also: <a title="" href="#Relative_Path">Relative Path</a><br />
</li>
<li> External links: <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_(computing)" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_(computing)">Path (computing) at Wikipedia</a><br />
</li>
</ul><a id="Absolute_URI" name="Absolute_URI"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Absolute URI </span></h2><p>A full URI.<br />
</p><pre>http://www.example.com/blog/images/icecream.jpg
ftp://ftp.example.com/users/h/harriet/www/
</pre><a id="Apache" name="Apache"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Apache </span></h2><p><b>Apache</b> is short for <b><a title="http://httpd.apache.org/" class="external text" href="http://httpd.apache.org/">Apache HTTP Server Project</a></b>, a robust, commercial-grade, featureful, and freely-available open source HTTP <a title="" href="#Web_server">Web Server</a> software produced by the <a title="http://www.apache.org/" class="external text" href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache Software Foundation</a>. It is the most commonly used web server on the internet, and is available on many platforms, including Windows, <a title="" href="#Unix">Unix</a>/<a title="" href="#Linux">Linux</a>, and <a title="" href="#Mac_OS_X">Mac OS X</a>. Apache serves as a great foundation for publishing WordPress-powered sites.<br />
</p><a id="Array" name="Array"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Array </span></h2><p>An <b>array</b> is one of the basic data structures used in computer programming. An <i>array</i> contains a list (or <i>vector</i>) of items such as numeric or string values. <i>Arrays</i> allow programmers to randomly access data. Data can be stored in either <i>one-dimensional</i> or <i>multi-dimensional arrays</i>.<br />
</p><p>A one-dimension array seven (7) elements would be:<br />
</p><table cellpadding="3" border="1" style="border-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 1em;"><tbody>
<tr> <th>105</th><th>200</th><th>54</th><th>53</th><th>102</th><th>13</th><th>405<br />
</th></tr>
</tbody></table><p>The <a title="Template Tags" href="/Template_Tags">Template Tag</a> <a title="Template Tags/wp list categories" href="/Template_Tags/wp_list_categories">wp_list_categories()</a> uses a one-dimensional array for the 'exclude' parameter.<br />
</p><p>An example of two-dimensional array, 7 by 3 elements in size, would be:<br />
</p><table cellpadding="3" border="1" style="border-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 1em;"><tbody>
<tr> <th>105</th><th>200</th><th>54</th><th>53</th><th>102</th><th>13</th><th>405<br />
</th></tr>
<tr> <th>15</th><th>210</th><th>14</th><th>513</th><th>2</th><th>2313</th><th>4512<br />
</th></tr>
<tr> <th>501</th><th>500</th><th>499</th><th>488</th><th>552</th><th>75</th><th>1952<br />
</th></tr>
</tbody></table><ul><li> External links: <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Array_programming" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Array_programming">Array Programming at Wikipedia</a>, <a title="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/array" class="external text" href="http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/array">Array at freedictionary.com</a><br />
</li>
</ul><a id="ASCII" name="ASCII"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> ASCII </span></h2><p><b>ASCII</b> is short for <b>A</b>merican <b>S</b>tandard <b>C</b>ode for <b>I</b>nformation <b>I</b>nterchange. Pronounced as "ask ee", it is a standard set of codes used to represent numbers, letters, symbols, and punctuation marks.<br />
</p><ul><li> External links: <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII">ASCII at Wikipedia (with character set table)</a><br />
</li>
</ul><a id="Atom" name="Atom"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Atom </span></h2><p>A format for syndicating content on news-like sites, viewable by Atom-aware programs called news readers or aggregators.<br />
</p><ul><li> See also: <a title="" href="#News_reader">news reader</a>, <a title="" href="#RSS">RSS</a>, <a title="" href="#RDF">RDF</a><br />
</li>
<li> External links: <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom_(standard)" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom_(standard)">Atom (standard) at Wikipedia</a><br />
</li>
</ul><a id="Avatar" name="Avatar"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Avatar </span></h2><p>An <b>avatar</b> is a graphic image or picture that represents a user.<br />
</p><ul><li> See also: <a title="" href="#Gravatar">gravatar</a><br />
</li>
<li> Related articles: <a title="Using Gravatars" href="/Using_Gravatars">Using Gravatars</a><br />
</li>
<li> External links: <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avatar_%28computing%29" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avatar_%28computing%29">Avatar (computing) at Wikipedia</a><br />
</li>
</ul><p><a title="" href="#top">Back to the Top</a><br />
</p><p><br />
<br />
</p><a id="Binaries" name="Binaries"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Binaries </span></h2><p><b>Binaries</b> refer to compiled computer programs, or executables. Many <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source">open source</a> projects, which can be re-compiled from <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_code" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_code">source code</a>, offer pre-compiled binaries for the most popular platforms and operating systems.<br />
</p><a id="Blog" name="Blog"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Blog </span></h2><p>A <b>blog</b>, or <b>weblog</b>, is an online journal, diary, or serial published by a person or group of people.<br />
</p><p>Blogs are typically used by individuals or peer groups, but are occasionally used by companies or organizations as well. In the corporate arena, the only adopters of the blog format so far have tended to be design firms, web media companies, and other "bleeding edge" tech firms.<br />
</p><p>Blogs often contain public as well as private content. Depending on the functionality of the <a title="" href="#Content_Management_System">CMS</a> software that is used, some authors may restrict access — through the use of accounts or passwords — to content that is too personal to be published publicly.<br />
</p><a id="Blogging" name="Blogging"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Blogging </span></h2><p><b>Blogging</b> is the act of writing in one's blog. To <i>blog</i> something is to write about something in one's blog. This sometimes involves <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlink" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlink">linking</a> to something the author finds interesting on the internet.<br />
</p><ul><li> See also: <a title="" href="#Blogosphere">blogosphere</a>, <a title="" href="#Blogroll">blogroll</a><br />
</li>
</ul><a id="Blogosphere" name="Blogosphere"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Blogosphere </span></h2><p>The <b>blogosphere</b> is the subset of internet web sites which are, or relate to, <a title="" href="#Blog">blogs</a>.<br />
</p><ul><li> See also: <a title="" href="#Blog">blog</a>, <a title="" href="#Blogroll">blogroll</a><br />
</li>
</ul><a id="Blogroll" name="Blogroll"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Blogroll </span></h2><p>A <b>blogroll</b> is a list of links to various blogs or news sites. Often a blogroll is "rolled" by a service which tracks updates (using <a title="" href="#Feed">feeds</a>) to each site in the list, and provides the list in a form which aggregates update information.<br />
</p><ul><li> See also: <a title="" href="#Blog">blog</a>, <a title="" href="#Blogosphere">blogosphere</a>, <a title="" href="#Feed">feed</a>, <a title="" href="#News_reader">news reader</a><br />
</li>
<li> External links: <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_aggregator" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_aggregator">News aggregator at Wikipedia</a><br />
</li>
</ul><a id="Bookmarklet" name="Bookmarklet"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Bookmarklet </span></h2><p>A <b>bookmarklet</b> (or <b>favelet</b>) is a "faux" bookmark containing scripting code, usually written in <a title="" href="#JavaScript">JavaScript</a>, that allows the user to perform a function.<br />
</p><ul><li> Examples<br />
<ul><li> The WordPress <a title="Press This" href="/Press_This">Press This</a> bookmarklet allows a user to quickly blog whichever web site he/she is currently viewing.<br />
</li>
<li> The <a title="http://delicious.com/help/bookmarklets" class="external text" href="http://delicious.com/help/bookmarklets">delicious.com bookmarklets</a> allow a user to quickly post a link to his/her delicious.com bookmarks list.<br />
</li>
<li> <a title="http://tantek.com/favelets/" class="external text" href="http://tantek.com/favelets/">Tantek's favelets</a><br />
</li>
</ul></li>
</ul><a id="Boolean" name="Boolean"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline">Boolean</span></h2><p>A variable or expression which evaluates to either true or false.<br />
</p><ul><li> External links: <a title="http://us2.php.net/manual/en/language.types.boolean.php" class="external text" href="http://us2.php.net/manual/en/language.types.boolean.php">PHP Boolean data type</a><br />
</li>
</ul><p><a title="" href="#top">Back to the Top</a><br />
</p><a id="Category" name="Category"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Category </span></h2><p>Each <a title="" href="#Post">post</a> in WordPress is filed under a <b>category</b>. Thoughtful categorization allows posts to be grouped with others of similar content and aids in the navigation of a site. Please note, the <i>post category</i> should not be confused with the <a title="Administration Panels" href="/Administration_Panels#Link_Categories">Link Categories</a> used to classify and manage <a title="Administration Panels" href="/Administration_Panels#Links_-_Putting_the_Inter_in_the_Internet">Links</a>.<br />
</p><a id="Capabilities" name="Capabilities"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Capabilities </span></h2><p>Term related to User authentication and access control. It is an adoption of permissions in RBAC. There are about thirty capabilities in WordPress. See <a title="Roles and Capabilities" href="/Roles_and_Capabilities">Roles and Capabilities</a> for a Description of the concept and <a title="Roles and Capabilities" href="/Roles_and_Capabilities#Capabilities">a List of Capabilites</a>.<br />
</p><a id="CGI" name="CGI"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline">CGI</span></h2><p><b>CGI</b> (Common Gateway Interface) is a specification for <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server-side" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server-side">server-side</a> communication scripts designed to transfer information between a Web server and a <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client-side" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client-side">web-client (browser)</a>. Typically, <a title="" href="#HTML">HTML</a> pages that collect data via forms use <i>CGI</i> programming to process the form data once the client submits it.<br />
</p><a id="Character_Entity" name="Character_Entity"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline">Character Entity </span></h2><p>A <b>character entity</b> is a method used to display <i>special characters</i> normally <i>reserved</i> for use in <a title="" href="#HTML">HTML</a>. For example, the <i>less than</i> (<b><</b>) and <i>greater than</i> (<b>></b>) are used as part the <a title="" href="#HTML">HTML</a> tag structure, so both symbols are <i>reserved</i> for that use. But, if you need to display those symbols on your site, you can use <i>character entities</i>. For example:<br />
</p><dl><dd>use <b><code>&lt;</code></b> for the less than (<) symbol </dd><dd>use <b><code>&gt;</code></b> for the greater than (>) symbol </dd></dl><ul><li> Related articles: <a title="Fun Character Entities" href="/Fun_Character_Entities">Fun Character Entities</a><br />
</li>
</ul><a id="Character_Set" name="Character_Set"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline">Character Set </span></h2><p>A <b>character set</b> is a collection of symbols (letters, numbers, punctuation, and special characters), when used together, represent meaningful words in a language. Computers use an encoding scheme so members of a character set are stored with a numeric value (e.g. 0=A, 1=B, 2=C, 3=D). In addition, a <a title="" href="#Collation">collation</a> determines the order (i.e alphabetic) to use when sorting the character set.<br />
</p><p>By default, WordPress uses the Unicode UTF-8 (<b>utf8</b>) character set for the <a title="Database Description" href="/Database_Description">WordPress MySQL database tables</a> created during the <a title="Installing WordPress" href="/Installing_WordPress">installation process</a>. Beginning with <a title="Version 2.2" href="/Version_2.2">Version 2.2</a>, the database character set (and collation) is defined in the <i>wp-config.php</i> file. Also note, the character set used for syndication feeds is set in the <a title="Administration Panels" href="/Administration_Panels">Administration</a> > <a title="Administration Panels" href="/Administration_Panels#Reading">Settings</a> > <a title="Settings Reading SubPanel" href="/Settings_Reading_SubPanel">Reading</a> panel. <br />
</p><ul><li> See also: <a title="" href="#Collation">collation</a><br />
</li>
<li> Related articles: <a title="Editing wp-config.php" href="/Editing_wp-config.php">Editing wp-config.php</a>, <a title="Converting Database Character Sets" href="/Converting_Database_Character_Sets">Converting Database Character Sets</a><br />
</li>
<li> External links: <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_set" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_set">Character set at Wikipedia</a>, <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode">Unicode at Wikipedia</a>, <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8">UTF-8 at Wikipedia</a>, <a title="http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/charset-general.html" class="external text" href="http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/charset-general.html">Character sets and collation at MySQL</a><br />
</li>
</ul><a id="chmod" name="chmod"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> chmod </span></h2><p><b>chmod</b> is a <a title="" href="#Unix">Unix</a>/<a title="" href="#Linux">Linux</a> <a title="" href="#Shell">shell</a> command used to change <a title="" href="#Permissions">permissions</a> on files. Its name is a contraction of "<b>ch</b>ange <b>mod</b>e."<br />
</p><ul><li> Related articles: <a title="Changing File Permissions" href="/Changing_File_Permissions">Changing File Permissions</a>, <a title="UNIX Shell Skills" href="/UNIX_Shell_Skills">UNIX Shell Skills</a>, <a title="htaccess for subdirectories" href="/htaccess_for_subdirectories">htaccess for subdirectories</a><br />
</li>
</ul><a id="Class" name="Class"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Class </span></h2><p><b>Classes</b> are groupings of <a title="" href="#CSS">CSS</a> styles which can be applied to any <a title="" href="#HTML">HTML</a> element.<br />
For classes in PHP, see the <a title="wikipedia:Class" class="extiw" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class#Computing">Class (Computing)</a> article at Wikipedia and <a title="http://php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.php" class="external text" href="http://php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.php">PHP Manual: Classes and Objects</a>.<br />
</p><ul><li> Related articles: <a title="CSS" href="/CSS">CSS</a>, <a title="Blog Design and Layout" href="/Blog_Design_and_Layout">Blog Design and Layout</a><br />
</li>
</ul><a id="Collation" name="Collation"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Collation </span></h2><p><b>Collation</b> refers to the order used to sort the letters, numbers, and symbols of a given <a title="" href="#Character_set">character set</a>. For example, because WordPress, by default, uses the UTF-8 (<b>utf8</b>) character set, and when the <a title="Database Description" href="/Database_Description">WordPress MySQL database tables</a> are created during the <a title="Installing WordPress" href="/Installing_WordPress">installation process</a>, MySQL assigns <b>utf8_general_ci</b> collation to those table. Beginning with <a title="Version 2.2" href="/Version_2.2">Version 2.2</a>, the collation (and character set) used by WordPress is defined in the <i>wp-config.php</i> file.<br />
</p><ul><li> See also: <a title="" href="#Character_set">Character set</a><br />
</li>
<li> Related articles: <a title="Editing wp-config.php" href="/Editing_wp-config.php">Editing wp-config.php</a>, <a title="Converting Database Character Sets" href="/Converting_Database_Character_Sets">Converting Database Character Sets</a><br />
</li>
<li> External links: <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collation" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collation">Collation at Wikipedia</a>, <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_set" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_set">Character set at Wikipedia</a>, <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8">UTF-8 at Wikipedia</a>, <a title="http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/charset-general.html" class="external text" href="http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/charset-general.html">Character sets and collation at MySQL</a> <br />
</li>
</ul><a id="Comments" name="Comments"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Comments </span></h2><p><b>Comments</b> are a feature of <a title="" href="#Blog">blogs</a> which allow readers to respond to <a title="" href="#Post">posts</a>. Typically readers simply provide their own thoughts regarding the <a title="" href="#Content">content</a> of the post, but users may also provide <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlink" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlink">links</a> to other resources, generate discussion, or simply compliment the author for a well-written post.<br />
</p><p>You can control and regulate comments by filters for language and content. Comments can be queued for approval before they are visible on the web site. This is useful in dealing with <a title="Comment Spam" href="/Comment_Spam">comment spam</a>.<br />
</p><ul><li> See also: <a title="" href="#Blog">blog</a><br />
</li>
<li> Related articles: <a title="Plugins" href="/Plugins#Comment_Plugins">Comment-related plugins</a>, <a title="Comment Spam" href="/Comment_Spam">Dealing with comment spam</a>, <a title="Settings Discussion SubPanel" href="/Settings_Discussion_SubPanel">Settings Discussion SubPanel</a><br />
</li>
<li> External links: <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlink" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlink">Hyperlink at Wikipedia</a> <br />
</li>
</ul><a id="Content" name="Content"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Content </span></h2><p><b>Content</b> consists of text, images, or other information shared in <a title="" href="#Post">posts</a>. This is separate from the structural design of a web site, which provides a framework into which the content is inserted, and the presentation of a site, which involves graphic design. A <a title="" href="#Content_Management_System">Content Management System</a> changes and updates content, rather than the structural or graphic design of a web site.<br />
</p><a id="Content_Management_System" name="Content_Management_System"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Content Management System </span></h2><p>A <b>Content Management System</b>, or <b>CMS</b>, is software for facilitating the maintenance of <a title="" href="#Content">content</a>, but not design, on a web site. A <a title="" href="#Blog">blogging</a> tool is an example of a Content Management System.<br />
</p><ul><li> See also: <a title="" href="#Blog">blog</a><br />
</li>
</ul><a id="cPanel" name="cPanel"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> cPanel </span></h2><p><b>cPanel</b> is a popular web-based administration tool that many <a title="" href="#Hosting_provider">hosting providers</a> provide to allow users to configure their own accounts using an easy-to-use interface.<br />
</p><ul><li> Related articles: <a title="Using cPanel" href="/Using_cPanel">Using cPanel</a>, <a title="Using Themes" href="/Using_Themes#Adding_New_Themes_in_cPanel">Adding New Themes in cPanel</a><br />
</li>
<li> External links: <a title="http://cpanel.net/" class="external text" href="http://cpanel.net/">cPanel website</a><br />
</li>
</ul><a id="CSS" name="CSS"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> CSS </span></h2><p><b>CSS</b>, or <b>Cascading Style Sheets</b>, is a <a title="http://www.w3.org/" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/">W3C</a> <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_standard" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_standard">open standards</a> programming language for specifying how a web page is presented. It allows web site designers to create formatting and layout for a web site independently of its content.<br />
</p><ul><li> Related articles: <a title="CSS" href="/CSS">CSS</a>, <a title="Blog Design and Layout" href="/Blog_Design_and_Layout">Blog Design and Layout</a><br />
</li>
<li> External links: <a title="http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/">CSS at W3C</a>, <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_standard" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_standard">Open standards at Wikipedia</a>, <a title="http://www.w3.org/" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/">W3C.org</a><br />
</li>
</ul><p><a title="" href="#top">Back to the Top</a><br />
</p><a id="Database" name="Database"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Database </span></h2><p>A <b>database</b> in computing terms is software used to manage information in an organized fashion. <a title="" href="#WordPress">WordPress</a> uses the <a title="" href="#MySQL">MySQL</a> relational database management system for storing and retrieving the content of your <a title="" href="#Blog">blog</a>, such as <a title="" href="#Posts">posts</a>, <a title="" href="#Comments">comments</a>, and so on.<br />
</p><ul><li> Related articles: <a title="Database Description" href="/Database_Description">Database Description</a>, <a title="Backing Up Your Database" href="/Backing_Up_Your_Database">Backing Up Your Database</a><br />
</li>
</ul><a id="Default_theme" name="Default_theme"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Default theme </span></h2><p>Every installation of WordPress has a <a title="Glossary" href="/Glossary#Default_theme">default theme</a>. The default theme is sometimes called the <b>fallback theme</b>, because if the active theme is for some reason lost or deleted, WordPress will fallback to using the default theme.<br />
</p><p>Up to <a title="Version 2.9.2" href="/Version_2.9.2">Version 2.9.2</a> the default theme was the WordPress Default theme (sometimes call Kubrick) and was housed in the <i>wp-content/themes/default</i> folder. Starting with <a title="Version 3.0" href="/Version_3.0">Version 3.0</a>, the <a title="Glossary" href="/Glossary#Twenty_Ten_theme">Twenty Ten theme</a> became the default (and fallback) theme.<br />
</p><ul><li> See also: <a title="" href="#Twenty_Ten_theme">Twenty Ten theme</a><br />
</li>
<li> Related articles: <a title="Child Themes" href="/Child_Themes">Child Themes</a><br />
</li>
</ul><a id="Deprecated" name="Deprecated"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Deprecated </span></h2><p><b>Deprecated</b> functions or template tags are no longer supported, and will soon be obsolete.<br />
</p><ul><li> Related articles: <a title="Category:Deprecated Functions" href="/Category:Deprecated_Functions">"Deprecated Functions" Category</a><br />
</li>
</ul><a id="Developer" name="Developer"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Developer </span></h2><p>A <b>developer</b>, or <b>dev</b>, is a computer programmer who is active in creating, modifying, and updating a software product. <br />
</p><ul><li> Related articles: <a title="Hacking WordPress" href="/Hacking_WordPress">Hacking WordPress</a>, <a title="Plugin API" href="/Plugin_API">Plugin API</a><br />
</li>
</ul><a id="DIV" name="DIV"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> DIV </span></h2><p>A <b>DIV</b> element in <a title="" href="#HTML">HTML</a> marks a section of text. DIVs are used extensively in WordPress to apply <a title="" href="#CSS">CSS</a> stylings to particular <a title="" href="#Blog">blog</a> elements.<br />
</p><ul><li> Related articles: <a title="CSS" href="/CSS">CSS</a>, <a title="Blog Design and Layout" href="/Blog_Design_and_Layout">Blog Design and Layout</a><br />
</li>
</ul><a id="DOM" name="DOM"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline">DOM</span></h2><p><b>DOM</b> (Document Object Model) is a standard, platform-independent interface that allows programmers to dynamically access HTML and XML to control the content and structure of documents. DOM connects programming scripts to web pages.<br />
</p><ul><li> External links: <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Document_Object_Model" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Document_Object_Model">DOM at Wikipedia</a>, <a title="http://www.w3.org/DOM/" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/DOM/">DOM at W3C.org</a><br />
</li>
</ul><a id="Draft" name="Draft"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Draft </span></h2><p>The <b>draft</b> <a title="" href="#Post_status">post status</a> is for WordPress <a title="" href="#Post">posts</a> which are saved, but as yet unpublished. A draft post can only be edited through the <a title="Administration Panels" href="/Administration_Panels">Administration Panel</a>, <a title="Write Post SubPanel" href="/Write_Post_SubPanel">Write Post SubPanel</a> by <a class="mw-redirect" title="Authors and Users SubPanel" href="/Authors_and_Users_SubPanel#Table_of_Authors">users</a> of equal or greater <a title="User Levels" href="/User_Levels">User Level</a> than the <a class="mw-redirect" title="Authors and Users SubPanel" href="/Authors_and_Users_SubPanel#Table_of_Registered_Users">post's author</a>.<br />
</p><p><a title="" href="#top">Back to the Top</a><br />
</p><a id="Excerpt" name="Excerpt"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Excerpt </span></h2><p>An <b>excerpt</b> is a condensed description of your blog <a title="" href="#Post">post</a> and refers to the summary entered in the Excerpt field of the <a title="Administration Panels" href="/Administration_Panels">Administration</a> > <a title="Administration Panels" href="/Administration_Panels#Add_New_Post">Posts</a> > <a class="mw-redirect" title="Posts Add New SubPanel" href="/Posts_Add_New_SubPanel">Add New SubPanel</a>. The <i>excerpt</i> is used to describe your post in RSS feeds and is typically used in displaying search results. The <i>excerpt</i> is sometimes used in displaying the <b>Archives</b> and <a title="" href="#Category">Category</a> views of your posts. Use the <a title="Template Tags" href="/Template_Tags">Template Tag</a> <a title="Template Tags/the excerpt" href="/Template_Tags/the_excerpt">the_excerpt()</a> to display the contents of this field. Note that if you do not enter information into the Excerpt field when writing a post, and you use <a title="Template Tags/the excerpt" href="/Template_Tags/the_excerpt">the_excerpt()</a> in your theme template files, WordPress will automatically display the first 55 words of the <a title="" href="#Post">post</a>'s content.<br />
</p><p>An <i>excerpt</i> should not be confused with the <b>teaser</b>, which refers to words before the <code><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br />
<!--more--></span><br />
</code> in a <a title="" href="#Post">post's</a> content. When typing a long post you can insert the <code><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br />
<!--more--></span><br />
</code> <a class="mw-redirect" title="Posts Add New SubPanel" href="/Posts_Add_New_SubPanel#Visual_Versus_HTML_Editor">Quicktag</a> after a few sentences to act as a cut-off point. When the post is displayed, the <b>teaser</b>, followed by a hyperlink (such as <b>Read the rest of this entry...</b>), is displayed. Your visitor can then click on that link to see the full version of your <a title="" href="#Post">post</a>. The <a title="Template Tags" href="/Template_Tags">Template Tag</a>, <a title="Template Tags/the content" href="/Template_Tags/the_content">the_content()</a> should be used to display the teaser.<br />
</p><ul><li> Related articles: <a title="Customizing the Read More" href="/Customizing_the_Read_More">Customizing the Read More</a>, <a title="Excerpt" href="/Excerpt">Excerpt</a><br />
</li>
</ul><p><a title="" href="#top">Back to the Top</a><br />
</p><a id="Feed" name="Feed"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Feed </span></h2><p>A <b>feed</b> is a function of special software that allows "Feedreaders" to access a site automatically looking for new content and then posting the information about new content and updates to another site. This provides a way for users to keep up with the latest and hottest information posted on different blogging sites. Some Feeds include RSS (alternately defined as "Rich Site Summary" or "Really Simple Syndication"), Atom or RDF files. Dave Shea, author of the web design weblog <a title="http://mezzoblue.com" class="external text" href="http://mezzoblue.com">Mezzoblue</a> has written <a title="http://www.mezzoblue.com/archives/2004/05/19/what_is_rssx/" class="external text" href="http://www.mezzoblue.com/archives/2004/05/19/what_is_rssx/">a comprehensive summary</a> of feeds. Feeds generally are based on <a title="" href="#XML">XML</a> technology.<br />
</p><a id="FTP" name="FTP"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> FTP </span></h2><p><b>FTP</b>, or <b>File Transfer Protocol</b>, is rather predictably, a client-server protocol for transferring files. It is one way to download files, and the most common way to upload files to a server.<br />
</p><p>An FTP <i>client</i> is a program which can download files from, or upload files to, an FTP <i>server</i>.<br />
</p><p>You may need to use an FTP client to upload your WordPress files to your <a title="" href="#Web_server">web server</a>, particularly if you use a <a title="" href="#Hosting_provider">hosting provider</a>.<br />
</p><ul><li> Related articles: <a title="FTP Clients" href="/FTP_Clients">FTP Clients</a>, <a title="Uploading WordPress to a remote host" href="/Uploading_WordPress_to_a_remote_host">Uploading WordPress to a remote host</a>, <a title="Using FileZilla" href="/Using_FileZilla">Using FileZilla</a><br />
</li>
</ul><p><a title="" href="#top">Back to the Top</a><br />
</p><a id="Gallery" name="Gallery"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Gallery </span></h2><p>As defined by Andy Skelton, <b>Gallery</b>, introduced with <a title="Version 2.5" href="/Version_2.5">WordPress 2.5</a>, is specifically an exposition of images attached to a post. In that same vein, an upload is "attached to a post" when you upload it while editing a post.<br />
</p><p>In the uploader there is a "Gallery" tab that shows all the uploads attached to the post you are editing. When you have more than one attachment in a post, you should see at the bottom of the Gallery tab a button marked "Insert gallery into post". That button inserts a shortcode "[gallery]" into the post. WordPress replaces that shortcode with an exposition of all images attached to that post. Non-image file types are excluded from the gallery.<br />
</p><p>Note: If you don't see the "Insert galley into post" button, it may be because you have not attached two images to the post.<br />
</p><p>The pretty URLs for attachments are made only after you have published the post and should be composed as the post <a title="" href="#permalink">permalink</a> plus the attachment <a title="" href="#slug">slug</a>.<br />
</p><ul><li> Related articles: <a title="Gallery Shortcode" href="/Gallery_Shortcode">Gallery Shortcode</a>, <a title="Shortcode API" href="/Shortcode_API">Shortcode API</a><br />
</li>
</ul><a id="GMT" name="GMT"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> GMT </span></h2><p><b>GMT</b>, or <b>Greenwich Mean Time</b>, is the time zone from which all other time zones are measured. Local times around the globe are calculated according to their offset from the time in Greenwich, England.<br />
</p><ul><li> External links: <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time">Greenwich Mean Time at Wikipedia</a>, <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone">Time zone at Wikipedia</a><br />
</li>
</ul><a id="Gravatar" name="Gravatar"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Gravatar </span></h2><p>A <b>gravatar</b> is a globally recognized <a title="" href="#Avatar">avatar</a> (a graphic image or picture that represents a user). Typically a user's gravatar is associated with their email address, and using a service such as <a title="http://en.gravatar.com/" class="external text" href="http://en.gravatar.com/">Gravatar.com</a>, a blog owner to can configure their blog so that a user's gravatar is displayed along with their comments.<br />
</p><ul><li> See also: <a title="" href="#Avatar">avatar</a><br />
</li>
<li> Related articles: <a title="Using Gravatars" href="/Using_Gravatars">Using Gravatars</a><br />
</li>
<li> External links: <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravatar" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravatar">Gravatar at Wikipedia</a><br />
</li>
</ul><p><a title="" href="#top">Back to the Top</a><br />
</p><p><br />
<br />
</p><a id="Hack" name="Hack"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Hack </span></h2><p>A <b>hack</b> is a bit of code written to customize or extend the functionality of a software product. Older versions of WordPress used a hack-based extension system, but versions <a title="Changelog/1.2" href="/Changelog/1.2">1.2</a> and above of WordPress use a <a title="Plugin API" href="/Plugin_API">plugin API</a> with hooks for extensions.<br />
</p><ul><li> See also: <a title="" href="#Hacking">hacking</a>, <a title="" href="#Plugin">plugin</a><br />
</li>
<li> Related articles: <a class="mw-redirect" title="Changelog" href="/Changelog">Changelog</a>, <a title="Hacking WordPress" href="/Hacking_WordPress">Hacking WordPress</a>, <a title="Plugin API" href="/Plugin_API">Plugin API</a><br />
</li>
<li> External links: <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source">Open source at Wikipedia</a><br />
</li>
</ul><a id="Hacking" name="Hacking"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Hacking </span></h2><p><b>Hacking</b> is the process of writing code for, or contributing code to, a piece of software.<br />
</p><p>There is some controversy surrounding the meaning of this term. It began as a benign term meaning "to exercise proficiency" or "to alter or improve," but the popular media have since construed it to mean "to break into a computer system, usually with malicious intent." Many in the computer industry have recently begun trying to 'take back' the word from its popular mutation, and many have adopted the term <i>cracking</i> to replace the malicious interpretation. Because of the desire to reclaim the word, you will often find the term used in conjunction with <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source">open source</a> projects, intended in its benign form. For more information about the history of the term, please see <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker">Wikipedia's article on <i>Hacker</i></a>.<br />
</p><ul><li> See also: <a title="" href="#Hack">hack</a><br />
</li>
<li> Related articles: <a title="Hacking WordPress" href="/Hacking_WordPress">Hacking WordPress</a>, <a title="Plugins" href="/Plugins">Plugins</a><br />
</li>
</ul><a id="Hosting_provider" name="Hosting_provider"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Hosting provider </span></h2><p>A <b>hosting provider</b> is a company or organization which provides, usually for a fee, infrastructure for making information accessible via the web. This involves the use of a <a title="" href="#Web_server">web server</a> (including web server software such as <a title="" href="#Apache">Apache</a>), and may involve one or more related technologies, such as <a title="" href="#FTP">FTP</a>, <a title="" href="#PHP">PHP</a>, <a title="" href="#MySQL">MySQL</a>, and operating system software such as <a title="" href="#Linux">Linux</a> or <a title="" href="#Unix">Unix</a>.<br />
</p><ul><li> Related articles: <a title="Hosting WordPress" href="/Hosting_WordPress">Hosting WordPress</a><br />
</li>
</ul><a id=".htaccess" name=".htaccess"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> .htaccess </span></h2><p>A <b>.htaccess</b> file is a granular configuration file for the <a title="" href="#Apache">Apache</a> <a title="" href="#Web_server">web server</a> software, used to set or alter the server's configuration settings for the directory in which it is present, and/or its child directories.<br />
</p><p>WordPress uses an <code>.htaccess</code> file in conjunction with the <a title="" href="#mod_rewrite">mod_rewrite</a> <a title="" href="#Apache">Apache</a> module to produce <a title="" href="#Permalink">permalinks</a>.<br />
</p><p>Note that <code>.htaccess</code> is a <i>hidden file</i> in <a title="" href="#Unix">Unix</a>/<a title="" href="#Linux">Linux</a> (as dictated by the preceding period '.'), meaning it may not be visible using the default settings of some <a title="FTP Clients" href="/FTP_Clients">FTP clients</a>.<br />
</p><ul><li> See also: <a title="" href="#chmod">chmod</a><br />
</li>
<li> Related articles: <a title="htaccess for subdirectories" href="/htaccess_for_subdirectories">htaccess for subdirectories</a>, <a title="Using Permalinks" href="/Using_Permalinks">Using Permalinks</a>, <a title="UNIX Shell Skills" href="/UNIX_Shell_Skills">UNIX Shell Skills</a>, <a title="Changing File Permissions" href="/Changing_File_Permissions">Changing File Permissions</a><br />
</li>
</ul><a id="HTML" name="HTML"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> HTML </span></h2><p><b>HTML</b>, or <b>Hypertext Markup Language</b>, is the <a title="http://www.w3.org" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org">W3C</a> standard language with which all web pages are built. It is the predecessor to <a title="" href="#XHTML">XHTML</a>, but HTML is often still used to describe either one. It is often used in conjunction with <a title="" href="#CSS">CSS</a> and/or <a title="" href="#JavaScript">JavaScript</a>.<br />
</p><p>WordPress strives to conform to the <a title="" href="#XHTML">XHTML</a> standard.<br />
</p><ul><li> External links: <a title="http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/">HTML 4.01 Specification</a>, <a title="http://www.w3.org" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org">W3C org</a> <br />
</li>
</ul><p><a title="" href="#top">Back to the Top</a><br />
</p><p><br />
<br />
</p><a id="IP_address" name="IP_address"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> IP address </span></h2><p>An <b>IP address</b> is a unique number (e.g. <b><code>70.84.29.148</code></b>) assigned to a computer (or other internet-capable information appliance, such as a network printer) to enable it to communicate with other devices using the <i>Internet Protocol</i>. It is a computer's identity on the internet, and every computer connected to the internet is assigned at least one — although the methods of assigning these addresses, and the permanence and duration of their assignment, differ according to the use of the computer and the circumstances of its internet use.<br />
</p><p>Every <a title="" href="#Web_server">web server</a> is assigned an IP address as well, but often times <a title="" href="#Hosting_provider">hosting providers</a> will assign multiple IP addresses to one computer, in the event that multiple web sites reside on the same physical server. This is the case with most inexpensive 'managed' or 'group' hosting packages.<br />
</p><p><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_name" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_name">Domain names</a> were created to provide an easier means of accessing internet resources than IP addresses, which are cumbersome to type and difficult to remember. Every domain name has at least one corresponding IP address, but only a small number of IP addresses have a domain name associated with them, since only computers that are web servers require domain names. The <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNS" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNS">Domain Name System (DNS)</a> is what maps <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_name" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_name">Domain names</a> to IP addresses.<br />
</p><ul><li> External links: <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_name" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_name">Domain names at Wikipedia</a>, <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNS" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNS">Domain Name System (DNS) at Wikipedia</a><br />
</li>
</ul><a id="ISAPI" name="ISAPI"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline">ISAPI</span></h2><p><b>ISAPI</b> (Internet Server Application Programming Interface) is a set of programming standards designed to allow programmers to quickly and easily develop efficient Web-based applications. Developed by Process Software and Microsoft Corporation, <i>ISAPI</i> is intended to replace <a title="" href="#CGI">CGI</a> programs.<br />
</p><ul><li> External links: <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISAPI" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISAPI">ISAPI at Wikipedia</a><br />
</li>
</ul><p><a title="" href="#top">Back to the Top</a><br />
</p><p><br />
<br />
</p><a id="JavaScript" name="JavaScript"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> JavaScript </span></h2><p>Developed by <a title="http://www.netscape.com" class="external text" href="http://www.netscape.com">Netscape</a> and <a title="http://www.sun.com" class="external text" href="http://www.sun.com">Sun</a>, <b>JavaScript</b> is a client-side programming or scripting language. It's used to create interactive and dymanic effects on a web page, as well as handle and manipulate form data. JavaScript is a separate language from <a title="http://java.sun.com/" class="external text" href="http://java.sun.com/">Java</a>. All modern browsers support JavaScript,<br />
with the exception of most text-based browsers (e.g., <a title="wikipedia:W3m" class="extiw" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W3m">w3m</a>).<br />
Some excellent JavaScript references and tutorials can be found at <a title="http://www.javascriptkit.com/" class="external text" href="http://www.javascriptkit.com/">JavaScript Kit</a>.<br />
</p><ul><li> See also: <a title="" href="#HTML">HTML</a>, <a title="" href="#XHTML">XHTML</a><br />
</li>
</ul><p><a title="" href="#top">Back to the Top</a><br />
</p><a id="Linux" name="Linux"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Linux </span></h2><p><b>Linux</b> is an <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source">open source</a> computer operating system, created by Linus Torvalds, similar in style to <a title="" href="#Unix">Unix</a>. It is popular in <a title="" href="#Web_server">web server</a> and other high-performance computing environments, and has recently begun to gain popularity in workstation environments as well.<br />
</p><ul><li> External links: <a title="http://www.shortopedia.com/L/I/Linux" class="external text" href="http://www.shortopedia.com/L/I/Linux">Linux at Shortopedia</a><br />
</li>
</ul><p><a title="" href="#top">Back to the Top</a><br />
</p><p><br />
<br />
</p><a id="Mac_OS_X" name="Mac_OS_X"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Mac OS X </span></h2><p><b><a title="http://www.apple.com/macosx/" class="external text" href="http://www.apple.com/macosx/">Mac OS X</a></b> is an operating system specifically for modern Macintosh computers. The operating system was first commercially released in 2001. It consists of two main parts: Darwin, an open source <a title="" href="#Unix">Unix</a>-like environment which is based on the BSD source tree and the Mach microkernel, adapted and further developed by Apple Computer with involvement from independent developers; and a proprietary GUI named Aqua, developed by Apple.<br />
</p><ul><li> Related articles: <a title="UNIX Shell Skills" href="/UNIX_Shell_Skills">UNIX Shell Skills</a><br />
</li>
</ul><a id="Meta" name="Meta"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Meta </span></h2><p><b>Meta</b> has several meanings, but generally means <b>information about</b>. In WordPress, <i>meta</i> usually refers to <b>administrative</b> type information. As described in <a title="Meta Tags in WordPress" href="/Meta_Tags_in_WordPress">Meta Tags in WordPress</a>, <i>meta</i> is the <a title="" href="#HTML">HTML</a> tag used to describe and define a web page to the outside world (search engines). In the article <a title="Post Meta Data Section" href="/Post_Meta_Data_Section">Post Meta Data</a>, <i>meta</i> refers to information associated with each <strong class="selflink">post</strong>, such as the author's name and the date posted. <a title="Codex:Guidelines" href="/Codex:Guidelines#Meta_Rules">Meta Rules</a> define the general protocol to follow in using the Codex. Also, many WordPress based sites offer a <i>Meta</i> section, usually found in the sidebar, with links to login or register at that site. Finally, <i>Meta</i> is a <a title="http://www.mediawiki.org" class="external text" href="http://www.mediawiki.org">MediaWiki</a> <a title="http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Namespace" class="external text" href="http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Namespace">namespace</a> that refers to administrative functions within Codex.<br />
</p><ul><li> External links: <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta-" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta-">Wikipedia's Article on Meta</a><br />
</li>
</ul><a id="Moblogging" name="Moblogging"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Moblogging </span></h2><p><b>Moblogging</b> is the act of posting to one's <a title="" href="#Blog">blog</a> via a mobile device, e.g. mobile phone, smartphone, or Blackberry. It is pronounced as <code>mōbə-logging</code> or <code>mōb-logging</code>, or sometimes as <code>mŏb-logging</code> in reference to <i>smart mobs</i>.<br />
</p><ul><li> Related articles: <a title="Weblog Client" href="/Weblog_Client#Mobile">Moblog Clients</a>, <a title="Post to your blog using email" href="/Post_to_your_blog_using_email">Post to your blog using email</a><br />
</li>
</ul><a id="mod_rewrite" name="mod_rewrite"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> mod_rewrite </span></h2><p><b>mod_rewrite</b> is an extension module of the <a title="" href="#Apache">Apache</a> <a title="" href="#Web_server">web server</a> software which allows for "rewriting" of <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Url" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Url">URLs</a> on-the-fly. Rewrite <i>rules</i> use <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression">regular expressions</a> to parse the requested URL from the client, and translate it into a different URL before interpretation.<br />
</p><p>WordPress uses <code>mod_rewrite</code> for its <a title="" href="#Permalink">permalink</a> structure, which is optional functionality.<br />
</p><ul><li> Related articles: <a title="Using Permalinks" href="/Using_Permalinks">Using Permalinks</a><br />
</li>
</ul><a id="MySQL" name="MySQL"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> MySQL </span></h2><p><b>MySQL</b> is a popular <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source">open source</a> SQL (Structured Query Language) database implementation, available for many platforms, including Windows, <a title="" href="#Unix">Unix</a>/<a title="" href="#Linux">Linux</a> and <a title="" href="#Mac_OS_X">Mac OS X</a>.<br />
</p><p>WordPress requires a MySQL database to store all <a title="" href="#Blog">blog</a> information, including <a title="" href="#Post">posts</a>, <a title="" href="#Comments">comments</a>, <a title="" href="#Meta">metadata</a>, and other information.<br />
</p><ul><li> Related articles: <a title="Database Description" href="/Database_Description">Database Description</a><br />
</li>
<li> External links: <a title="http://mysql.com/" class="external text" href="http://mysql.com/">MySQL AB</a><br />
</li>
</ul><p><a title="" href="#top">Back to the Top</a><br />
</p><p><br />
<br />
</p><a id="News_reader" name="News_reader"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> News reader </span></h2><p>A <b>news aggregator</b> or <b>news (feed) reader</b> is a computer program which tracks syndicated information <a title="" href="#Feed">feeds</a>, via <a title="" href="#RSS">RSS</a>, <a title="" href="#RDF">RDF</a>, or <a title="" href="#Atom">Atom</a>. Most news aggregators allow one to 'subscribe' to a feed, and automatically keep track of the articles one has read, similar to an email client tracking read emails.<br />
</p><p>Many <a title="" href="#Blog">blogs</a> make their content available in <a title="" href="#Feed">feed</a> form for the convenience of readers using news aggregators. WordPress can generate feeds in <a title="" href="#RSS">RSS</a> and/or <a title="" href="#Atom">Atom</a> formats.<br />
</p><ul><li> External links: <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_aggregator" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_aggregator">News aggregator at Wikipedia</a><br />
</li>
</ul><p><a title="" href="#top">Back to the Top</a><br />
</p><p><br />
<br />
</p><a id="Open_Source" name="Open_Source"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Open Source </span></h2><p><b>Open source</b> is simply programming code that can be read, viewed, modified, and distributed, by anyone who desires. WordPress is distributed under an <i>open source</i> <a title="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html" class="external text" href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html">GNU General Public License (GPL)</a>.<br />
</p><ul><li> Related articles: <a title="GPL" href="/GPL">GPL</a>, <a title="License" href="/License">License</a> <br />
</li>
<li> External links: <a title="http://www.opensource.org/" class="external text" href="http://www.opensource.org/">Open Source Initiative</a>, <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source">Open Source at Wikipedia</a>, <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_code" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_code">Source Code at Wikipedia</a><br />
</li>
</ul><p><a title="" href="#top">Back to the Top</a><br />
</p><p><br />
<br />
</p><a id="Page" name="Page"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Page </span></h2><p>A <b>Page</b> is often used to present "static" information about yourself or your site. A good example of a Page is information you would place on an About Page. A Page should not be confused with the time-oriented objects called <a title="" href="#Post">posts</a>. Pages are typically "timeless" in nature and live "outside" your blog.<br />
</p><p>The word "page" has long been used to describe any HTML document on the web. In WordPress, however, "Page" refers to a very specific feature first introduced in WordPress version 1.5.<br />
</p><ul><li> Related articles: <a title="Pages" href="/Pages">Pages</a>, <a title="Write Page SubPanel" href="/Write_Page_SubPanel">Write Page SubPanel</a><br />
</li>
</ul><a id="Perl" name="Perl"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Perl </span></h2><p><b>Perl</b> is an acronym for <b>Practical Extraction and Report Language</b>, but it's most commonly spelled as a proper name. It's a very popular and powerful scripting language used for web applications, although its use is being largely replaced by <a title="" href="#PHP">PHP</a> in the mainstream. One of its strengths lies in its speedy and effective use of <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression">regular expressions</a>. Its unofficial motto is, "There's More Than One Way To Do It," or "TMTOWTDI," owing to the extreme flexibility of the syntax.<br />
</p><p>WordPress does not use Perl, and it is therefore not required.<br />
</p><a id="Permalink" name="Permalink"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Permalink </span></h2><p>A <b>permalink</b> is a <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Url" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Url">URL</a> at which a resource or article will be permanently stored. Many pages driven by <a title="" href="#Content_Management_System">Content Management Systems</a> contain excerpts of content which is frequently rotated, making linking to bits of information within them a game of chance. Permalinks allow users to bookmark full articles at a <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Url" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Url">URL</a> they know will never change, and will always present the same content.<br />
</p><p>Permalinks are optional in WordPress, but are highly recommended as they greatly increase the cleanliness of <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Url" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Url">URL</a>. WordPress uses the <a title="" href="#Apache">Apache</a> module <code><a title="" href="#mod_rewrite">mod_rewrite</a></code> to implement its permalink system.<br />
</p><ul><li> Related articles: <a title="Using Permalinks" href="/Using_Permalinks">Using Permalinks</a><br />
</li>
<li> External links: <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Url" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Url">URL at Wikipedia</a><br />
</li>
</ul><a id="Permissions" name="Permissions"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Permissions </span></h2><p><b>Permissions</b> are security settings restricting or allowing users to perform certain functions. In the case of files on <a title="" href="#Unix">Unix</a> or <a title="" href="#Linux">Linux</a> systems, there are three types of permissions: <i>read</i>, <i>write</i>, and <i>execute</i>. In the case of <a title="" href="#MySQL">MySQL</a> databases, there are many more: <code>SELECT</code>, <code>INSERT</code>, <code>UPDATE</code>, <code>DELETE</code>, etc. — although MySQL refers to them as <i>privileges</i>.<br />
</p><ul><li> Related articles: <a title="Changing File Permissions" href="/Changing_File_Permissions">Changing File Permissions</a><br />
</li>
</ul><a id="PHP" name="PHP"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> PHP </span></h2><p><b>PHP</b> is a recursive acronym for <b>PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor</b>. It is a popular server-side scripting language designed specifically for integration with <a title="" href="#HTML">HTML</a>, and is used (often in conjunction with <a title="" href="#MySQL">MySQL</a>) in <a title="" href="#Content_Management_System">Content Management Systems</a> and other web applications. It is available on many platforms, including Windows, <a title="" href="#Unix">Unix</a>/<a title="" href="#Linux">Linux</a> and <a title="" href="#Mac_OS_X">Mac OS X</a>, and is <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source">open source</a> software.<br />
</p><p>WordPress is written using PHP and requires it for operation.<br />
</p><ul><li> Related articles: <a title="Hacking WordPress" href="/Hacking_WordPress">Hacking WordPress</a><br />
</li>
<li> External links: <a title="http://php.net/" class="external text" href="http://php.net/">PHP Website</a>, <a title="http://www.digital-web.com/articles/php_for_designers/" class="external text" href="http://www.digital-web.com/articles/php_for_designers/">PHP for Designers</a> — by WordPress lead <a title="" href="#Developer">developer</a> <a title="User:Matt" href="/User:Matt">Matthew Mullenweg</a>, <a title="http://onlamp.com/php/" class="external text" href="http://onlamp.com/php/">PHP at OnLAMP</a><br />
</li>
</ul><a id="phpMyAdmin" name="phpMyAdmin"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> phpMyAdmin </span></h2><p><b>phpMyAdmin</b> is a popular, powerful web-based interface for administering <a title="" href="#MySQL">MySQL</a> databases. It is <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source">open source</a>, written in <a title="" href="#PHP">PHP</a>, and is among the better tools available for working with <a title="" href="#MySQL">MySQL</a> databases.<br />
</p><ul><li> Related articles: <a title="phpMyAdmin" href="/phpMyAdmin">phpMyAdmin</a><br />
</li>
<li> External links: <a title="http://www.phpmyadmin.net/home_page/" class="external text" href="http://www.phpmyadmin.net/home_page/">phpMyAdmin web site</a><br />
</li>
</ul><a id="Ping" name="Ping"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Ping </span></h2><p>Within the WordPress interface, "ping" is sometimes used to refer to <a title="" href="#Pingback">Pingbacks</a> and <a title="" href="#Trackback">Trackbacks</a>.<br />
</p><p>In general computer terms, "ping" is a common utility used in a TCP/IP environment to determine if a given <a title="" href="#IP_address">IP Address</a> exists or is reachable. Typically, Ping is used to diagnose a network connection problem. Many times you will be asked, "Can you ping that address?". That means, does the Ping utility return a success message trying to reach the "problem" <a title="" href="#IP_address">IP Address</a>?<br />
</p><ul><li> External links: <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ping" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ping">Ping at Wikipedia</a><br />
</li>
</ul><a id="Pingback" name="Pingback"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Pingback </span></h2><p><b>Pingback</b> lets you notify the author of an article if you link to his article (article on a blog, of course). If the links you include in an article you write on a blog lead to a blog which is pingback-enabled, then the author of that blog gets a notification in the form of a pingback that you linked to his article.<br />
</p><p>If you're feeling <i>really</i> geeky you may want to check out the <a title="http://hixie.ch/specs/pingback/pingback" class="external text" href="http://hixie.ch/specs/pingback/pingback">Pingback technical specification</a> or <a title="http://lists.automattic.com/pipermail/wp-hackers/2009-September/027425.html" class="external text" href="http://lists.automattic.com/pipermail/wp-hackers/2009-September/027425.html">Otto's "How Pingbacks Work" explanation</a>.<br />
</p><ul><li> See also: <a title="" href="#Trackback">trackback</a><br />
</li>
<li> Related articles: [<a title="http://codex.wordpress.org/Introduction_to_Blogging#Pingbacks|Introduction" class="external text" href="http://codex.wordpress.org/Introduction_to_Blogging#Pingbacks|Introduction">to Blogging: Pingbacks</a>]<br />
</li>
</ul><a id="Plugin" name="Plugin"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Plugin </span></h2><p>A <b>Plugin</b> is a group of php functions that can extend the functionality present in a standard WordPress weblog. These functions may all be defined in one php file, or maybe spread among more than one file. Usually, a plugin is a php file that can be uploaded to the "wp-content/plugins" directory on your webserver, where you have installed WordPress. Once you have uploaded the plugin file, you should be able to "turn it on" or Enable it from the "Plugins" page in the administration interface of your weblog. The WordPress source code contains hooks that can be used by plugins. <br />
</p><ul><li> See also: <a title="" href="#Hack">hack</a>, <a title="" href="#Hacking">hacking</a><br />
</li>
<li> Related articles: <a title="Plugins" href="/Plugins">Plugins</a><br />
</li>
</ul><a id="Port" name="Port"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Port </span></h2><p>Within the context of the WordPress community, a <b>port</b> is a bit of code that has been rewritten to be compatible with WordPress. For example, if someone wrote a plugin for MoveableType, WordPress users may want to find a port of that plugin for WordPress. Port can also be used as a verb: to rewrite a piece of software for a different platform/language.<br />
</p><ul><li> External links: <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porting" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porting">Porting at Wikipedia</a><br />
</li>
</ul><a id="Post_Slug" name="Post_Slug"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Post Slug </span></h2><p>A word or two describing an entry, for use in permalinks (replaces the %posttitle% field therein), especially useful if titles tend to be long or they change frequently.<br />
</p><a id="Post_Status" name="Post_Status"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Post Status </span></h2><p>The status of a post, as set in the <a title="Administration Panels" href="/Administration_Panels">Administration Panel</a>, <a title="Write Post SubPanel" href="/Write_Post_SubPanel">Write Post SubPanel</a> is either: <b>Published</b> (viewable by everyone), <b>Draft</b> (incomplete post viewable by anyone with proper <a title="User Levels" href="/User_Levels">user level</a>), or <b>Private</b> (viewable only to WordPress users at Administrator level)<br />
</p><a id="Post_Type" name="Post_Type"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Post Type </span></h2><p>Post type refers to the various structured data that is maintained in the WordPress posts table. Native (or built-in) post type are <b>post</b>, <b>page</b>, <b>attachment</b>, <b>revision</b>, and <b>nav-menu-item</b>. Custom post types are also supported in WordPress and can be defined with <a title="Function Reference/register post type" href="/Function_Reference/register_post_type">register_post_type()</a>. Custom post types allow users to easily create and management such things as portfolios, projects, video libraries, podcasts, quotes, chats, and whatever a user or developer can imagine.<br />
</p><p><a title="" href="#top">Back to the Top</a><br />
</p><a id="Query_string" name="Query_string"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Query string </span></h2><p>A sequence of codes in a <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier">Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)</a> that a web page uses to determine what dynamic data to display. The query string in a <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier">URI</a> comes after an initial question mark, and may contain several parameters separated by ampersands. WordPress uses query strings to indicate criteria to search for specific posts or sets of posts in the database. The use of query strings is generally believed to impede the indexing of dynamic pages by search engines. For this reason, it is often desirable to use a method such as mod_rewrite to reduce exposure of query strings to search engines and other site visitors.<br />
</p><a id="Query_Variable" name="Query_Variable"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline">Query Variable</span></h2><p>A Variable passed through the <a title="" href="#Query_string">query string</a>. For example, in the query string <code>?category_name=tech&feed=atom</code>, there are two query variables: <code>category_name</code> with a value of 'tech', and <code>feed</code> with a value of 'atom'.<br />
</p><a id="QuickTag" name="QuickTag"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> QuickTag </span></h2><p>A <b>Quicktag</b> is a shortcut, or one-click button, that inserts HTML code into your posts. The <em> (emphasis) and </em> (stop emphasis) HTML tags are example of Quicktags. Some Quicktags, such as <!--contactform-->, insert HTML comment code that is used by plugins to replace text or perform certain actions.<br />
</p><p><a title="" href="#top">Back to the Top</a><br />
</p><p><br />
<br />
</p><a id="RDF" name="RDF"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> RDF </span></h2><p>Resource Description Framework. A language used to describe the locations of resources on the web. WordPress can produce output in RDF format that describes the locations of posts. Like RSS, RDF is used for content syndication.<br />
</p><a id="Relative_Path" name="Relative_Path"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Relative Path </span></h2><p>A <b>relative path</b> is the location of a file in relation to the current working directory and does not begin with a slash (/). This is different from an <a title="" href="#Absolute_Path">absolute path</a> which gives an exact location. <br />
</p><ul><li> See also: <a title="" href="#Absolute_Path">Absolute Path</a> <br />
</li>
<li> External links: <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_(computing)" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_(computing)">Path_Computing at Wikipedia</a> <br />
</li>
</ul><a id="Relative_URI" name="Relative_URI"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Relative URI </span></h2><p>A relative URI (sometimes called a <b>relative link</b>) is a partial URI that is interpreted (resolved) relative to a <b>base URI</b>.<br />
</p><p>On the World Wide Web, relative URIs come in two forms:<br />
</p><p>A <b>relative URI with an absolute path</b> is interpreted relative to the domain root:<br />
</p><pre>/images/icecream.jpg → http://domain.example<strong>/images/icecream.jpg</strong>
</pre><p>A <b>relative URI with a relative path</b> is interpreted relative to the URL of the current document. E.g., on the web page <code>http://domain.example/icecream/chocolate.html</code>,<br />
</p><pre><strong>strawberry.html</strong> → http://domain.example/icecream/<strong>strawberry.html</strong>
</pre><p><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier#URI_resolution" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier#URI_resolution">Wikipedia: URI Resolution</a><br />
</p><a id="Recordset" name="Recordset"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Recordset </span></h2><p><b>Recordset</b> refers to the group of records or result returned from a database query.<br />
</p><ul><li> See also <a title="" href="#MySQL">MySQL</a>, <a title="Function Reference/wpdb Class" href="/Function_Reference/wpdb_Class">$wpdb database class</a> <br />
</li>
</ul><a id="RSS" name="RSS"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> RSS </span></h2><p>"<i>Really Simple Syndication</i>": a format for syndicating many types of content, including blog entries, torrent files, video clips on news-like sites; specifically frequently updated content on a Web site, and is also known as a type of "feed" or "aggregator". An RSS feed can contain a summary of content or the full text, and makes it easier for people to keep up to date with sites they like in an automated manner (much like e-mail).<br />
</p><p>The content of the feed can be read by using software called an <a title="" href="#News_reader">RSS or Feed reader</a>. <br />
Feed readers display hyperlinks, and include other metadata (information about information) that helps you decide whether they want to read more, follow a link, or move on. <br />
</p><p>The original intent of RSS is to make information come to you (via the feed reader) instead of you going out to look for it (via the Web). <br />
</p><p>Programs called news aggregators permit users to view many feeds at once, providing 'push' content constantly. See <a title="Category:Feeds" href="/Category:Feeds">Category:Feeds</a> for Codex resources about bringing RSS feeds into WordPress. See also <a title="" href="#RDF">RDF</a> Site Summary.<br />
</p><a id="Robots.txt" name="Robots.txt"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Robots.txt </span></h2><p>Web Robots are programs which traverse the Web automatically. They are also called Web Wanderers, Web Crawlers, and Spiders. Search Engines are the main Web Robots. Some Web Robots look for a file named <b>robots.txt</b> on your web server to see what and where they should look for content and files on your web server. Some Web Robots ignore this file.<br />
</p><ul><li> Related articles: <a title="Search Engine Optimization for WordPress" href="/Search_Engine_Optimization_for_WordPress">Search Engine Optimization for WordPress</a><br />
</li>
<li> External links: <a title="http://www.google.com/support/webmasters/bin/answer.py?answer=40361" class="external text" href="http://www.google.com/support/webmasters/bin/answer.py?answer=40361">Google information about robots.txt</a>, <a title="http://www.robotstxt.org/wc/robots.html" class="external text" href="http://www.robotstxt.org/wc/robots.html">The Web Robots Page</a><br />
</li>
</ul><p><a title="" href="#top">Back to the Top</a><br />
</p><p><br />
<br />
</p><a id="Shell" name="Shell"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Shell </span></h2><p>A <b>shell</b> is a program which interacts directly with an operating system such as MS-DOS, <a title="" href="#Unix">Unix</a>/<a title="" href="#Linux">Linux</a>, <a title="" href="#Mac_OS_X">Mac OS X</a>, or others — but it is most commonly associated with <a title="" href="#Unix">Unices</a>. It is often referred to as a 'console' or 'command line', because it is controlled using typed commands rather than mouse or graphical interface input.<br />
</p><p>Most often, when interacting with a remote computer (as one would when configuring WordPress), an additional "faux" shell is involved called <a title="" href="#SSH">SSH</a>.<br />
</p><p>Some popular shell programs are:<br />
</p><ul><li> <a title="http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/bash.html" class="external text" href="http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/bash.html">Bash</a> (Bourne Again Shell)<br />
</li>
<li> <a title="http://tcsh.org/" class="external text" href="http://tcsh.org/">Tcsh</a> (an expanded C Shell)<br />
</li>
<li> <a title="http://www.zsh.org/" class="external text" href="http://www.zsh.org/">Zsh</a><br />
</li>
</ul><a id="Sidebar" name="Sidebar"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Sidebar </span></h2><p>The <b>sidebar</b>, sometimes called the menu, is a narrow vertical column often jam-packed with lots of information about a website. Found on most WordPress sites, the sidebar is usually placed on the right or left-hand side of the web page, though in some cases, a site will feature two sidebars, one on each side of the main content where your posts are found. A sidebar is also referred to as a Theme <a title="Templates" href="/Templates">Template</a> file and is typically called <i>sidebar.php</i>. <br />
</p><ul><li> Related articles: <a title="Customizing Your Sidebar" href="/Customizing_Your_Sidebar">Customizing Your Sidebar</a>, <a title="Stepping Into Templates" href="/Stepping_Into_Templates">Stepping Into Templates</a>, <a title="Template Hierarchy" href="/Template_Hierarchy">Template Hierarchy</a><br />
</li>
</ul><a id="Slug" name="Slug"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Slug </span></h2><p>A <b>slug</b> is a few words that describe a post or a page. Slugs are usually a URL friendly version of the post title (which has been automatically generated by WordPress), but a slug can be anything you like. Slugs are meant to be used with <a title="" href="#Permalink">permalinks</a> as they help describe what the content at the URL is.<br />
</p><p>Example post permalink: <code><a title="http://wordpress.org/development/2006/06/wordpress-203/" class="external free" href="http://wordpress.org/development/2006/06/wordpress-203/">http://wordpress.org/development/2006/06/wordpress-203/</a></code> <br />
</p><p>The slug for that post is "<code>wordpress-203</code>".<br />
</p><a id="Smileys" name="Smileys"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Smileys </span></h2><p>Smileys (also called Smilies or Emoticons) are stylized representations of a human face, usually displayed as yellow buttons with two dots for the eyes, and a half mouth. Smileys are often used in WordPress Plugins. By default, WordPress automatically converts text smileys to graphic images. When you type <tt>;-)</tt> in your post you see <a title="Wink Icon" class="image" href="/File:icon_wink.gif"><img height="15" border="0" width="15" src="/images/4/4b/icon_wink.gif" alt="Wink Icon"></a> when you preview or publish your post.<br />
</p><p>Related article: <a title="Using Smilies" href="/Using_Smilies">Using Smilies</a><br />
</p><a id="Spam" name="Spam"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Spam </span></h2><p>Once upon a time, <a title="http://www.hormel.com" class="external text" href="http://www.hormel.com">SPAM</a> was an animal by-product that came in a can and was fodder for many Monty Python sketches, but since the world-wide adoption of the internet as an integral part of daily life, Spam has become synonymous with what is wrong with the internet. Spam, in general terms, is an email or other forms of unsolicited advertising. Spam is very easy to spread throughout the internet, and works on the principle that if you send out thousands, or hundreds of thousands of unsolicited advertisements, scams, or other questionable methods of making money, that you only need a very small percentage of people to be fooled and you will make lots of money. <br />
</p><p>Common spam these days comes from online gambling sites and those trying to sell drugs for "male enhancement." Lately, web logs, or blogs, as we call them, have been targeted by spammers to try to increase their site ratings in the search engines. Spammers use various methods to distribute their electronic junk mail, and employ bots, or computer programs to quickly and easily send email or comments to millions of addresses and <a title="" href="#IP_address">IPs</a> all over the world. <br />
</p><p>Spammers can be difficult to track down as they often hijack peoples' email and <a title="" href="#IP_address">IP</a> addresses. When this happens, it may appear a friend sent you the spam, but in fact, the spammer's <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_bot" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_bot">bot</a> grabbed your friend's email address and used it to hide the true source of the spam. WordPress <a title="" href="#Developer">developers</a> and community members are constantly working on more and better ways to combat these annoying <b>spammers</b> as they clog the internet with their garbage. You can help by offering your talents, ideas, suggestions, or just by being vigilant and installing any of the <a title="Combating Comment Spam" href="/Combating_Comment_Spam">currently-available spam combating tools</a>.<br />
</p><ul><li> External links: <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPAM" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPAM">SPAM at Wikipedia</a><br />
</li>
</ul><a id="SSH" name="SSH"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> SSH </span></h2><p><b>SSH</b> stands for Secure Shell. It is a communication protocol for connecting to remote computers over TCP/IP. Various authentication methods can be used which make SSH more secure than <a title="" href="#Telnet">Telnet</a>.<br />
</p><a id="SSL" name="SSL"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> SSL </span></h2><p><b>SSL</b> stands for Secure Sockets Layer and is the predecessor to Transport Layer Security. These are cryptographic protocols for secure communications across an unsecured network like the Internet.<br />
</p><ul><li> External links: <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Sockets_Layer" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Sockets_Layer">SSL at Wikipedia</a><br />
</li>
</ul><a id="Subversion" name="Subversion"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Subversion </span></h2><p><a title="http://subversion.tigris.org/" class="external text" href="http://subversion.tigris.org/">Subversion</a> is an <a title="" href="#Open_Source">open-source</a> <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revision_control" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revision_control">version control</a> software tool used by the <a title="Copyright Holders" href="/Copyright_Holders">WordPress Developers</a> to maintain and track the changes and updates to the various WordPress versions.<br />
</p><ul><li> Related articles: <a title="Using Subversion" href="/Using_Subversion">Using Subversion</a><br />
</li>
<li> External links: <a title="http://wordpress.org/download/svn/" class="external text" href="http://wordpress.org/download/svn/">Subversion access at wordpress.org</a>, <a title="http://svnbook.red-bean.com/" class="external text" href="http://svnbook.red-bean.com/">Subversion book at red-bean.com</a><br />
</li>
</ul><a id="Syndication" name="Syndication"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Syndication </span></h2><p>See RSS: <a title="" href="#RSS">Really Simple Syndication</a><br />
</p><p><a title="" href="#top">Back to the Top</a><br />
</p><p><br />
<br />
</p><a id="Tag" name="Tag"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Tag </span></h2><p>A tag is a keyword which describes all or part of a Post. Think of it like a <a title="" href="#Category">Category</a>, but smaller in scope. A post may have several tags, many of which relate to it only peripherally. Like Categories, Tags are usually linked to a page which shows all posts having the same tag. Unlike Categories, Tags can be created on-the-fly, by simply typing them into the tag field.<br />
</p><p>Tags can also be displayed in "clouds" which show large numbers of Tags in various sizes, colors, etc. This allows for a sort of total perspective on the blog, allowing people to see the sort of things your blog is about most.<br />
</p><p>Many people confuse Tags and Categories, but the difference is easy: Categories generally don't change often, while your Tags usually change with every Post.<br />
</p><a id="Tagline" name="Tagline"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Tagline </span></h2><p>A tagline is a catchy phrase that describes the character or the attributes of the blog in a brief, concise manner. Think of it as the slogan, or catchline for a weblog.<br />
</p><a id="Task_Based_Documentation" name="Task_Based_Documentation"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline">Task Based Documentation</span></h2><p>Task based, or task oriented documentation is writing that takes you through a process/task step-by-step; it is succinct, lacks jargon, is easily understood, and structured entirely around performing specific tasks.<br />
</p><dl><dd>To order to get to Z, you need to: <ol><li>Step x<br />
</li>
<li>Step y<br />
</li>
<li>Step z<br />
</li>
</ol></dd></dl><p><br />
<br />
Keep in mind that people who need to know how to perform a task usually need answers quick!<br />
</p><a id="Taxonomy" name="Taxonomy"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline">Taxonomy</span></h2><ul><li> See also: <a title="" href="#Category">Category</a>, <a title="" href="#Tag">Tag</a><br />
</li>
<li> External links: <a title="wikipedia:Taxonomy" class="extiw" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxonomy">Taxonomy at Wikipedia</a><br />
</li>
</ul><a id="Telnet" name="Telnet"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline">Telnet</span></h2><p>Telnet is a <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_protocol_suite" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_protocol_suite">communications protocol</a> used to establish a connection to another computer. <i>Telnet</i> runs on top of <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol">TCP</a>/<a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol">IP</a> and is typically used in conjuction with terminal emulation software to login to remote computers. Telnet is inherently insecure and has largely been replaced by <a title="" href="#SSH">SSH</a><br />
</p><ul><li> External links: <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telnet" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telnet">Telnet at Wikipedia</a><br />
</li>
</ul><a id="Text_editor" name="Text_editor"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Text editor </span></h2><p>A <b>text editor</b> is a program which edits files in <i>plain text</i> format, as compared to <i>binary</i> format. Using a non-text based word processing program (e.g. using Microsoft Word to edit <a title="" href="#PHP">PHP</a> scripts) can cause major problems in your code. This is because non-text based word processing programs insert extra formatting into text files, and can corrupt the files when they need to be interpreted by the interpreter. An editor like Notepad does not insert any extra formatting. <br />
</p><p><b>Edit WordPress Files with a text only editor.</b><br />
</p><p>Some examples of file formats which need to be edited as plain text:<br />
</p><ul><li> <a title="" href="#HTML">HTML</a> documents<br />
</li>
<li> <a title="" href="#PHP">PHP</a> scripts<br />
</li>
<li> <a title="" href="#Perl">Perl</a> scripts<br />
</li>
<li> Rich Text Format documents<br />
</li>
<li> <a title="" href="#JavaScript">JavaScript</a> scripts<br />
</li>
</ul><p>Some examples of text editor programs:<br />
</p><ul><li> <a title="http://www.barebones.com/products/bbedit/index.shtml" class="external text" href="http://www.barebones.com/products/bbedit/index.shtml">BBEdit</a> (Classic Mac OS, Mac OS X, $$$)<br />
</li>
<li> <a title="http://www.boxersoftware.com/" class="external text" href="http://www.boxersoftware.com/">Boxer Text Editor</a> (Windows)<br />
</li>
<li> <a title="http://www.panic.com/coda/" class="external text" href="http://www.panic.com/coda/">Coda</a> (Mac OS X, Shareware)<br />
</li>
<li> <a title="http://www.crimsoneditor.com/" class="external text" href="http://www.crimsoneditor.com/">Crimson Editor</a> (Windows, Freeware)<br />
</li>
<li> <a title="http://www.jgsoft.com/editpad" class="external text" href="http://www.jgsoft.com/editpad">EditPad</a> (cross-platform)<br />
</li>
<li> <a title="http://www.editplus.com/" class="external text" href="http://www.editplus.com/">EditPlus</a> (Windows)<br />
</li>
<li> <a title="http://www.editra.org/" class="external text" href="http://www.editra.org/">Editra</a> (cross-platform, Open Source, Free)<br />
</li>
<li> <a title="http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/emacs.html" class="external text" href="http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/emacs.html">emacs</a> (<a title="" href="#Unix">Unices, Windows, Mac OS X, Open Source, Free</a>)<br />
</li>
<li> <a title="http://www.macupdate.com/info.php/id/33751/fraise" class="external text" href="http://www.macupdate.com/info.php/id/33751/fraise">Fraise</a> (Mac OS X, Open Source, Free, based on Smultron)<br />
</li>
<li> <a title="http://www.gnome.org/projects/gedit/" class="external text" href="http://www.gnome.org/projects/gedit/">gedit</a> (<a title="" href="#Unix">Unices</a>)<br />
</li>
<li> <a title="http://jedit.org/" class="external text" href="http://jedit.org/">JEdit</a> (cross-platform)<br />
</li>
<li> <a title="http://kate.kde.org/" class="external text" href="http://kate.kde.org/">Kate</a> (<a title="" href="#Unix">Unices</a>)<br />
</li>
<li> <a title="http://www.activestate.com/komodo_edit/" class="external text" href="http://www.activestate.com/komodo_edit/">Komodo Edit</a> (cross-platform, Open Source, Free)<br />
</li>
<li> <a title="http://www.kde-apps.org/content/show.php?content=9901" class="external text" href="http://www.kde-apps.org/content/show.php?content=9901">Kwrite</a> (<a title="" href="#Unix">Unices</a>)<br />
</li>
<li> <a title="http://notepad-plus.sourceforge.net/" class="external text" href="http://notepad-plus.sourceforge.net/">Notepad++</a> (Windows, Open Source, Free)<br />
</li>
<li> <a title="http://www.washington.edu/pine/" class="external text" href="http://www.washington.edu/pine/">pico</a> (<a title="" href="#Unix">Unices</a>)<br />
</li>
<li> <a title="http://www.pspad.com/" class="external text" href="http://www.pspad.com/">PSPad</a> (Windows, Free)<br />
</li>
<li> <a title="http://smultron.sourceforge.net/" class="external text" href="http://smultron.sourceforge.net/">Smultron</a> (Mac OS X, Open Source, Free)<br />
</li>
<li> <a title="http://www.codingmonkeys.de/subethaedit/" class="external text" href="http://www.codingmonkeys.de/subethaedit/">SubEthaEdit</a> (Mac OS X, $)<br />
</li>
<li> <a title="http://www.apple.com/education/accessibility/technology/textedit.html" class="external text" href="http://www.apple.com/education/accessibility/technology/textedit.html">TextEdit</a> (comes with Mac OS X)<br />
</li>
<li> <a title="http://www.macromates.com" class="external text" href="http://www.macromates.com">TextMate</a> (Mac OS X, $)<br />
</li>
<li> <a title="http://www.textpad.com/" class="external text" href="http://www.textpad.com/">TextPad</a> (Windows)<br />
</li>
<li> <a title="http://www.barebones.com/products/textwrangler/index.shtml" class="external text" href="http://www.barebones.com/products/textwrangler/index.shtml">TextWrangler</a> (Mac OS X, Free)<br />
</li>
<li> <a title="http://www.ultraedit.com/" class="external text" href="http://www.ultraedit.com/">UltraEdit-32</a><br />
</li>
<li> <a title="http://www.vim.org/" class="external text" href="http://www.vim.org/">vim</a> (<a title="" href="#Unix">Unices, Windows, Mac OS X, Open Source, Free</a>)<br />
</li>
<li> <a title="http://www.flos-freeware.ch/notepad2.html" class="external text" href="http://www.flos-freeware.ch/notepad2.html">Notepad2</a> (Windows, Freeware)<br />
</li>
<li> <a title="http://webtide.lx.ro/" class="external text" href="http://webtide.lx.ro/">WebTide Editor</a> (Windows, Linux, Mac OS X, Freeware, Java)<br />
</li>
</ul><p>Some examples of non-plain text formats that require special software for editing:<br />
</p><ul><li> Microsoft Word documents<br />
</li>
<li> Microsoft Excel spreadsheets<br />
</li>
<li> Images, such as JPEG, PNG, or GIF<br />
</li>
</ul><p>Some examples of software which can edit text, but which are <b>NOT</b> regarded as basic text editors and <b>NOT recommended</b> for use on WordPress files:<br />
</p><ul><li> Microsoft Word<br />
</li>
<li> Microsoft Works<br />
</li>
<li> Microsoft Excel<br />
</li>
<li> Adobe Photoshop<br />
</li>
<li> Adobe Illustrator<br />
</li>
<li> Adobe Dreamweaver<br />
</li>
</ul><a id="Theme" name="Theme"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Theme </span></h2><p>A theme is a collection of files that work together to produce a graphical interface with an underlying unifying design for a weblog. A theme modifies the way the weblog is displayed, without modifying the underlying software. Essentially, the WordPress theme system is a way to skin your weblog.<br />
</p><ul><li> Related articles: <a title="Theme Development" href="/Theme_Development">Theme Development</a>, <a title="Using Themes" href="/Using_Themes">Using Themes</a><br />
</li>
</ul><a id="Trackback" name="Trackback"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Trackback </span></h2><p>Trackback helps you to notify another author that you wrote something related to what he had written on his blog, even if you don't have an explicit link to his article. This improves the chances of the other author sitting up and noticing that you gave him credit for something, or that you improved upon something he wrote, or something similar. With pingback and trackback, blogs are interconnected. Think of them as the equivalents of acknowledgements and references at the end of an academic paper, or a chapter in a textbook.<br />
</p><ul><li> See also: <a title="" href="#Pingback">Pingback</a><br />
</li>
<li> Related articles: [<a title="http://codex.wordpress.org/Introduction_to_Blogging#Trackbacks|Introduction" class="external text" href="http://codex.wordpress.org/Introduction_to_Blogging#Trackbacks|Introduction">to Blogging: Trackbacks</a>]<br />
</li>
</ul><a id="Twenty_Ten_theme" name="Twenty_Ten_theme"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Twenty Ten theme </span></h2><p>Starting with <a title="Version 3.0" href="/Version_3.0">Version 3.0</a>, the <a title="Glossary" href="/Glossary#Twenty_Ten_theme">Twenty Ten theme</a> became the default (and fallback) theme. As described in <a title="http://wordpress.org/development/2009/12/2010-a-theme-odyssey/" class="external text" href="http://wordpress.org/development/2009/12/2010-a-theme-odyssey/">2010: A Theme Odyssey</a>, the Twenty Ten theme serves as a good example theme that includes new theme-based features, and looks nice on a public site. Twenty Ten is a community-developed theme.<br />
</p><p>Up to <a title="Version 2.9.2" href="/Version_2.9.2">Version 2.9.2</a>, the default theme was the Kubrick theme and was housed in the <i>wp-content/themes/default</i> folder. The Twenty Ten theme is housed in the <i>wp-content/themes/twentyten</i> folder and is the only theme in the WordPress distribution.<br />
</p><ul><li> See also: <a title="" href="#Default_theme">Default theme</a><br />
</li>
<li> Related articles: <a title="Child Themes" href="/Child_Themes">Child Themes</a><br />
</li>
</ul><p><a title="" href="#top">Back to the Top</a><br />
</p><p><br />
<br />
</p><a id="Unicode" name="Unicode"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Unicode </span></h2><p>A widely supported and preferred character encoding system. <br />
</p><p>For a computer to display letters (or any text characters), it needs to enumerate them - create an index of characters it knows how to display. These indexes are known as character sets. This is invaluable for users hosting <a class="mw-redirect" title="Localization" href="/Localization">WordPress in a non-English language</a>.<br />
</p><p>The most widely used collections of these character sets are the iso-8859 with <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8859-1" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8859-1">iso-8859-1</a> and <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8859-15" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8859-15">iso-8859-15</a> (which contains the euro sign and some characters used in Dutch, French, Czech and Slovak) being the most common; they are also known as Latin1 and Latin9. These character sets use 8 bits (a single byte) for each character, allowing for 255 different characters (256, counting null). However, when considering that Latin-based languages aren't the only ones in the world (think Japanese or Hebrew), 255 characters aren't nearly enough.<br />
</p><p>There is a wide index of characters known as <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode">Unicode</a>. Unicode has so many characters that sometimes more than 16 bits (2 bytes!) are required to represent them. Furthermore, the first 127 characters of Unicode are the same as the first 127 of the most widely used character set - iso-8859-1. For this purpose, UTF, the Unicode Translation Format, was created. UTF uses different numbers of bits for characters, and allows for the entire range of Unicode to be used. What you should probably know is:<br />
</p><ul><li> UTF-8 is an 8-bit-minimum type of UTF. There are also UTF-16 and UTF-32.<br />
</li>
<li> If your document is in a Latin-based encoding, you probably don't need to change anything about it for it to be UTF.<br />
</li>
<li> A single UTF document can be in various languages with no need to switch encodings halfway through.<br />
</li>
</ul><ul><li> External links: <a title="http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/Unicode.html" class="external text" href="http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/Unicode.html">Joel Spolsky on Unicode</a><br />
</li>
</ul><a id="Unix" name="Unix"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Unix </span></h2><p><b>Unix</b>, or <b>UNIX</b>, is a computer operating system developed at AT&T's Bell Laboratories starting back in 1969. Initially designed with the objective of creating an OS written in a high level language rather than assembly, a majority of <a title="" href="#Web_server">web servers</a> currently run on different "flavors" of this high-performance OS, or on <a title="" href="#Linux">Linux</a>, developed as a Unix-like operating system.<br />
</p><ul><li> See also: <a title="UNIX Shell Skills" href="/UNIX_Shell_Skills">UNIX Shell Skills</a>, <a title="" href="#Mac_OS_X">Mac OS X</a><br />
</li>
</ul><a id="Unix_Time" name="Unix_Time"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Unix Time </span></h2><p><b>Unix Time</b>, or a <b>timestamp</b>, is a method of tracking time by determining the approximate number of seconds from a particular event. That event is called an Epoch. Since this time format is only off by a few seconds each century, it is usually considered good enough for most applications.<br />
</p><p>Unix time is (currently) a ten digit number, and looks like this like <tt>1229362315</tt>. WordPress often uses a Unix timestamp internally to track time. The human readable times and dates you see are converted from Unix Time or from a MySQL DATETIME field.<br />
</p><ul><li> External Links: <a title="wikipedia:Unix time" class="extiw" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_time">Unix Time at Wikipedia</a>, <a title="http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/4.1/en/datetime.html" class="external text" href="http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/4.1/en/datetime.html">MySQL DATETIME</a><br />
</li>
</ul><p><a title="" href="#top">Back to the Top</a><br />
</p><p><br />
<br />
</p><a id="Web_server" name="Web_server"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> Web server </span></h2><p>A <b>web server</b> is a computer containing software for, and connected to infrastructure for, <i>hosting</i>, or serving, web sites written in <a title="" href="#HTML">HTML</a>. The most common web server software on the internet is <a title="" href="#Apache">Apache</a>, which is frequently used in conjunction with <a title="" href="#PHP">PHP</a>, <a title="" href="#Perl">Perl</a>, and other scripting languages.<br />
</p><p>It is possible to create one's own web server, hosted on any speed of internet connection, but many people choose to purchase packages from <a title="" href="#Hosting_provider">hosting providers</a>, who have the capacity and facilities to provide adequate bandwidth, uptime, hardware, and maintenance for frequently-visited web sites.<br />
</p><ul><li> Related articles: <a title="Hosting WordPress" href="/Hosting_WordPress">Hosting WordPress</a><br />
</li>
</ul><p><a title="" href="#top">Back to the Top</a><br />
</p><a id="XFN" name="XFN"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> XFN </span></h2><p><a title="http://gmpg.org/xfn" class="external text" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn">The XHTML Friends Network</a>. A decentralised project to have inter-blog links that represent relationships between bloggers. XFN links resemble <code><a href="http://www.photomatt.net/" rel="friend met">Photo Matt</a></code>.<br />
</p><a id="XHTML" name="XHTML"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> XHTML </span></h2><p><b>XHTML</b>, or <b>Extensible HyperText Markup Language</b>, is the successor to <a title="" href="#HTML">HTML</a> as the <a title="http://www.w3.org" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org">W3C</a> standard language with which all web pages are created. It is often used in conjunction with <a title="" href="#CSS">CSS</a> and <a title="" href="#JavaScript">JavaScript</a>.<br />
</p><p>WordPress strives to conform to the XHTML 1.0 Transitional standard.<br />
</p><ul><li> External links: <a title="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/">XHTML 1.0 Specification (Second Edition)</a>, <a title="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/">XHTML 1.1 Specification</a><br />
</li>
</ul><a id="XML" name="XML"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> XML </span></h2><p><b>XML</b>, or <b>Extensible Markup Language</b>, is written in Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) and essentially allows you to define your own markup language. XML is extremely useful in describing, sharing, and transmitting data across the Internet. Typically used in conjunction with <a title="" href="#HTML">HTML</a>, XML defines data and <a title="" href="#HTML">HTML</a> displays that data.<br />
</p><ul><li> External links: <a title="http://www.w3.org/XML" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/XML">Extensible Markup Language (XML) Resources at W3C org</a> <a title="http://www.ucc.ie/xml" class="external text" href="http://www.ucc.ie/xml">XML 4.0 FAQ</a>, <a title="http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/SGML/" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/SGML/">Overview of SGML Resources at W3C org</a><br />
</li>
</ul><a id="XML-RPC" name="XML-RPC"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> XML-RPC </span></h2><p><b>XML-RPC</b> is <b>Extensible Markup Language-Remote Procedure Call</b>. A Remote Procedure Call (RPC) allows you to call (or request) another application and expect that application to honor the request (answer the call). So, <b>XML-RPC</b> allows a user (or <a title="" href="#Developer">developer</a>) to send a request, formatted in <a title="" href="#XML">XML</a>, to an external application. <br />
</p><ul><li> Related articles: <a title="XML-RPC Support" href="/XML-RPC_Support">XML-RPC Support</a><br />
</li>
<li> External links: <a title="http://davenet.scripting.com/1998/07/14/xmlRpcForNewbies" class="external text" href="http://davenet.scripting.com/1998/07/14/xmlRpcForNewbies">Dave Winer's XML-RPC for Newbies</a>, <a title="http://www.xmlrpc.com" class="external text" href="http://www.xmlrpc.com">XML-RPC Home Page</a>, <a title="http://ws.apache.org/xmlrpc/" class="external text" href="http://ws.apache.org/xmlrpc/">Apache XML-RPC</a>, <a title="http://phpxmlrpc.sourceforge.net" class="external text" href="http://phpxmlrpc.sourceforge.net">XML-RPC for PHP Homepage</a>, <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML-RPC" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML-RPC">XML-RPC at Wikipedia</a><br />
</li>
</ul><p><a title="" href="#top">Back to the Top</a><br />
</p><a id="More_Resources" name="More_Resources"></a><h2><span class="mw-headline"> More Resources </span></h2><p>More glossaries with collection of blogging terms, acronyms and abbreviations.<br />
</p><ul><li> <a title="http://www.quickonlinetips.com/archives/2006/06/the-giant-blogging-terms-glossary/" class="external text" href="http://www.quickonlinetips.com/archives/2006/06/the-giant-blogging-terms-glossary/">Giant Blogging Terms Glossary</a><br />
</li>
<li> <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_blogging_terms" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_blogging_terms">Blogging Terms at Wikipedia</a><br />
</li>
<li> <a title="http://www.samizdata.net/blog/glossary.html" class="external text" href="http://www.samizdata.net/blog/glossary.html">Blog Glossary at Samizdata.net</a><br />
</li>
</ul><br />
<!-- end content --><br />
</div>Swatantra Choudharyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15699364456623432980noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-604192876429456751.post-3781065461289327192010-04-29T12:25:00.004+05:302010-04-29T13:02:16.648+05:30Social Bookmarking / Collaborative Tagging / Social Tagging / Social Information Processing / Web Syndication / Folksonomy<p>Social bookmarking sites, are sites that allow users to post their favorite sites, using tags (or keywords) to categorize and organize them; then other users can take these bookmarks and add them to their own collection or share them with even more users. <br />
<br />
Social bookmarking is a method for Internet users to share, organize, search, and manage bookmarks of web resources. Unlike file sharing, the resources themselves aren't shared, merely bookmarks that reference them.<br />
<br />
Descriptions may be added to these bookmarks in the form of metadata, so that other users may understand the content of the resource without first needing to download it for themselves. Folksonomy is also called social tagging, "the process by which many users add metadata in the form of keywords to shared content".<br />
</p><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYzMyAONvZlLcz74_7s413ZHIDfzHozMlBm4grUsAfPNn7AXN19OKoP4wfppq-wyN9PrdO8XhSJfvi7XDGFqlFZvVCG46SQCYDCRBO2We3f4LwFVJSgf0jvWgdcqU5_c_wwQKzayDDcSzB/s1600/BookMarking.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 287px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYzMyAONvZlLcz74_7s413ZHIDfzHozMlBm4grUsAfPNn7AXN19OKoP4wfppq-wyN9PrdO8XhSJfvi7XDGFqlFZvVCG46SQCYDCRBO2We3f4LwFVJSgf0jvWgdcqU5_c_wwQKzayDDcSzB/s400/BookMarking.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5465451716781848290" width="287" height="400" /></a> <p><br />
In a social bookmarking system, users save links to web pages that they want to remember and/or share. These bookmarks are usually public, and can be saved privately, shared only with specified people or groups, shared only inside certain networks, or another combination of public and private domains.<br />
<br />
Most social bookmark services encourage users to organize their bookmarks with informal tags instead of the traditional browser-based system of folders, although some services feature categories/folders or a combination of folders and tags. <br />
<br />
Many social bookmarking services provide web feeds for their lists of bookmarks, including lists organized by tags. This allows subscribers to become aware of new bookmarks as they are saved, shared, and tagged by other users.<br />
<br />
As these services have matured and grown more popular, they have added extra features such as ratings and comments on bookmarks, the ability to import and export bookmarks from browsers, emailing of bookmarks, web annotation, and groups or other social network features.<br />
</p><br />
<!--<p><br />
There are so many sites offering such service <br />
e.g. http://www.addthis.com/bookmark.php</p>-->Swatantra Choudharyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15699364456623432980noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-604192876429456751.post-79865523578455992702010-04-21T16:44:00.011+05:302010-04-24T16:25:38.747+05:30How To Make Backup Of Your Registry In Windows<p>Had you ever forget to make the backup of the registry before making some
changes in it, which led to system crash? Every time you need to make changes to
your registry, you should make a backup as a precaution. Making a backup is very
important and helps the user when he wants to restore the changes he made.</p>
<h3>Exporting – Making a Backup</h3>
<p>In order to backup your registry, follow these simple steps:</p>
<p><strong>In Windows 7 / Vista:</strong> Open <strong>Start</strong> menu, type
<strong>regedit</strong> in <strong>Start Search</strong> and click <strong>OK</strong>.</p>
<p><strong>In Windows XP:</strong> Open <strong>Start</strong> menu, click <strong>Run,</strong>
type <strong>regedit</strong> and select <strong>OK.</strong></p>
<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9FajDPc9NF0ZIgdJd6bLQCCAIdBAxiMLb_935yn-6EGxZ_LBTSkMvBkWncIzR1n3pZCVaeVpMYkccgaOgs2Jar_EthGhyphenhyphenGintA26waRbvgrO9W2j_jHZyoMw1ICQgUtM1S6I6OcpYyL45/s1600/regedit1.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 350px; height: 177px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9FajDPc9NF0ZIgdJd6bLQCCAIdBAxiMLb_935yn-6EGxZ_LBTSkMvBkWncIzR1n3pZCVaeVpMYkccgaOgs2Jar_EthGhyphenhyphenGintA26waRbvgrO9W2j_jHZyoMw1ICQgUtM1S6I6OcpYyL45/s400/regedit1.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5462549128297909298" width="350" height="177" /></a>
<p>In Registry Editor go to the<strong> File Menu</strong> and select <strong>Export.</strong></p>
<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiG6qC2ZA6WpaXkDE2-TrsGOQDj0O_a7UMqF_ixryXdK_kSIUjoTlIvqqdU5ViO-s-IoTtBOMKY2-xT3hREgJnRBF1D67vcEWgGNFxhN7ZF-Ic6jwOGWnYgmyzb6ySLGDukoEU42f2EdJTF/s1600/export.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 377px; height: 144px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiG6qC2ZA6WpaXkDE2-TrsGOQDj0O_a7UMqF_ixryXdK_kSIUjoTlIvqqdU5ViO-s-IoTtBOMKY2-xT3hREgJnRBF1D67vcEWgGNFxhN7ZF-Ic6jwOGWnYgmyzb6ySLGDukoEU42f2EdJTF/s400/export.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5462549364937975810" width="377" height="144" /></a>
<p>Under the export range select <strong>All.</strong></p>
<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNnMywtOxlUcreTP84LA89mUJjkXsHqD-pCq9X1u8iTKURi5E7WEbMoXqCezSTcwHp0anp9bwt0wgJ-YG-PiKhfmgHTgWuk2EBOL2wKweEckuGI2Pi7NjqanGU-R-XjfRyF-TO997Tf9rM/s1600/range.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 123px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNnMywtOxlUcreTP84LA89mUJjkXsHqD-pCq9X1u8iTKURi5E7WEbMoXqCezSTcwHp0anp9bwt0wgJ-YG-PiKhfmgHTgWuk2EBOL2wKweEckuGI2Pi7NjqanGU-R-XjfRyF-TO997Tf9rM/s400/range.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5462549837686104770" width="400" height="123" /></a>
<p>Put an <strong>appropriate file name</strong> and save as file type <strong>Registration
Files</strong>(*.reg).</p>
<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqzrfAD7ixUH2PFsiW-W0CGkJ9q4vF3ODOLoONnJTY-GaOsJdOIKhbfBDnQr3xjHWZpWEwXtBmX53ce30I6xlYuwZWY-z9I4qsGsEKRtwhdQAddrHkLyybZ-Q7yUjfannFudRiaPebyOi9/s1600/date.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 120px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqzrfAD7ixUH2PFsiW-W0CGkJ9q4vF3ODOLoONnJTY-GaOsJdOIKhbfBDnQr3xjHWZpWEwXtBmX53ce30I6xlYuwZWY-z9I4qsGsEKRtwhdQAddrHkLyybZ-Q7yUjfannFudRiaPebyOi9/s400/date.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5462550360266939586" width="400" height="120" /></a>
<h3>Importing – Restoring the Registry</h3>
<p>In Registry Editor go to the<strong> File Menu</strong> and select <strong>Import.</strong></p>
<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6jp_whQajRHNeiY1hLuJ5xT5bkcNm5_yBjoDkB2F9x8-kLyWjv7Geg3v49KcNgwcjYgQWHn715gGWRN0rDbSFdZG9qA3gSzflrscBNxPWump1kkeZx9ZMrwFdl1AISi1CtzN8VU-6gOnS/s1600/registryimport.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 361px; height: 115px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6jp_whQajRHNeiY1hLuJ5xT5bkcNm5_yBjoDkB2F9x8-kLyWjv7Geg3v49KcNgwcjYgQWHn715gGWRN0rDbSFdZG9qA3gSzflrscBNxPWump1kkeZx9ZMrwFdl1AISi1CtzN8VU-6gOnS/s400/registryimport.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5462550659901608370" width="361" height="115" /></a>
<p>Now select the registry file(backup) that you made(using above procedure) and
it will recover your settings that were before you made changes in the registry.</p>Swatantra Choudharyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15699364456623432980noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-604192876429456751.post-61047376091239419162010-04-21T16:35:00.004+05:302010-04-24T16:23:57.297+05:30How to Remove Items from the "New" Context menuHave you noticed that some applications like Antivirus, WinZip, and others, add
some items to the context menu when you right-click on a file or folder?
<p>Apart from above, these software install shell extensions to add applications
in the right-click context menu. If you delete the appropriate shell extension
in the registry, you won’t get these additional menu items.</p>
<p>I am trying to remove the Open Presentation and Open Drawing items from the
Right Click "new" menu.</p>
<strong>Note:</strong> Make sure you have made a proper <a href="http://swatantrakumar.blogspot.com/2010/04/how-to-make-backup-of-your-registry-in.html">backup
of your Registry</a>. In case you have mistakenly removed the wrong folder, the
backup will come handy in restoring the lost folder.
<p>to remove the <span style="font-weight: bold;">New OpenDocument Text</span>
from the menu, go to Registry Editor:<br>
<br>
<span style="font-style:
italic;">HK_CLASSES_ROOT > .odt > opendocument.WriterDocument.1</span><br>
<br>
There you will see the <span style="font-weight: bold;">ShellNew </span>entry,
remove it. After you do it, refresh your desktop and you won't see the New
OpenDocument Text entry anymore. Do that for any of the other filetypes you want
to remove.</p>
<p> </p>Swatantra Choudharyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15699364456623432980noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-604192876429456751.post-67447790561816992082010-04-13T20:31:00.010+05:302010-04-13T22:04:15.911+05:30Missing New Text Document Option from File or Right Click Menu<p>I' ve no idea, when this occurred but due to some technical malfunction, or
virus issue or might be uninstallation of any text editor; I lost the option to
create a <b>New Text Document</b> from the right click menu as well from the
File menu of Windows.</p>
<p>As the Context Menu is totally controlled by Registry entries. So I decided
to troubleshoot it.</p>
<p>After exploring net few moments, I found lots of ways to restore this and
tried almost all of them. Among working ones, few were easy to use I am posting
them here.</p>
<h2>Option 1 - Download the registry key fix:</h2>
<ul>
<li>Downlaod the registry fix: <a href="http://capitalhead.com/supplement/notepad.zip">notepad.zip</a>
and save it to your desktop</li>
<li>Inside the .zip archive you will find notepad.reg</li>
<li>Double-click on <strong>notepad.reg</strong> and select <strong>Yes</strong>
to import the information into your registry</li>
<li>Log out of the computer and log back in (no need to restart)</li>
</ul>
<h2>Option 2 - Create your own registry fix file:</h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>Copy</strong> everything between the stars ***** into your
clipboard.</li>
</ul>
<table align="center" border="0" width="100%">
<tr>
<td width="15%"> </td>
<td>
*****<br>
<br>
Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00<br>
[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.txt]<br>
"Content Type"="text/plain"<br>
@="txtfile"<br>
"PerceivedType"="text"<br>
[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.txt\OpenWithList]<br>
[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.txt\PersistentHandler]<br>
@="{5e941d80-bf96-11cd-b579-08002b30bfeb}"<br>
[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.txt\shell]<br>
[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.txt\shell\open]<br>
[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.txt\shell\open\command]<br>
@="notepad.exe %1"<br>
[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.txt\ShellNew]<br>
"NullFile"=""<br>
<br>
*****
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<ul>
<li>Click on <strong>Start</strong> (or Windows Button in Vista)</li>
<li>Click on <strong>Run...</strong></li>
<li>Enter <strong>notepad.exe</strong> and hit <strong>Enter</strong></li>
<li>Paste the contents of your clipboard into your notepad document and save
it as notepad.reg. If you haven’t disabled "hiding file
extensions" or you don’t know what that is, follow the instructions
in Option 1</li>
<li>Double-click on <strong>notepad.reg</strong> and select <strong>Yes</strong>
to import the information into your registry</li>
<li>Log out of the computer and log back in (no need to restart)</li>
</ul>
<h2>Option 3 - Make entries in Registry:</h2>
<ul>
<li>Click on <strong>Start</strong> (or Windows Button in Vista)</li>
<li>Click on <strong>Run...</strong></li>
<li>Enter <strong>regedit</strong> and hit <strong>Enter </strong>It will open
the editor</li>
<br />
<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQCPRJk6o1k0XF47P0gaya12pqTcxd_Ylf0zUp1XVcQOc_16g4GrIAd43CY_OSSIo7P8hTKzyRtGe6ionFI5WtGQnsOPRJu-bk4Ueu77lR2J8gu-_6gaLB4BtVw8WmeuQLbEdg5BNoA7G3/s1600/reg.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 220px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQCPRJk6o1k0XF47P0gaya12pqTcxd_Ylf0zUp1XVcQOc_16g4GrIAd43CY_OSSIo7P8hTKzyRtGe6ionFI5WtGQnsOPRJu-bk4Ueu77lR2J8gu-_6gaLB4BtVw8WmeuQLbEdg5BNoA7G3/s320/reg.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5459646216906379042" width="320" height="220" /></a>
<li>Navigate if the key <b>HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.txt\ShellNew\NullFile </b>exists
? (Notice DOT before txt)</li>
<li>If it doesn`t exist,create it. Just right click in the right hand pane of
the ShellNew key,<br>
and select New/String value, then type: NullFile</li>
</ul>
<h2>Option 4 - Make manual entry for text type from user interface (easiest
one):</h2>
<ul>
<li>I was missing the option from Windows File Toolbar too</li>
<br />
<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeouCwQeAzwvrej3okaJAXYLnWPLuI9W8qsGem7A1hG-dQGpS0z0byiuNtBcSVUg_30N6N3lSuJXCoc-HKE8CqOubMajpILw-0rkGXo1_1eNBUSCQaEhiDSXXCxxG8STL0ydOnbkfmKHCg/s1600/toolbar.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeouCwQeAzwvrej3okaJAXYLnWPLuI9W8qsGem7A1hG-dQGpS0z0byiuNtBcSVUg_30N6N3lSuJXCoc-HKE8CqOubMajpILw-0rkGXo1_1eNBUSCQaEhiDSXXCxxG8STL0ydOnbkfmKHCg/s320/toolbar.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5459648222219718162" width="320" height="240" /></a>
<li>I opened <strong>My Computer > Tools > Folder Options > File
Types</strong>. Windows had lost file associations for TXT files.
</li>
<br />
<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga-GdfKSi4kJty4KzXVUtvYf4DT8AGeGNNlUNq7knKyWEtyf51cjzM1YVtdgFqZJ6DoLz-eqriE03axAfQPI2KUVYU2FcM8k14xqu5GJQPGqVoBDE7Goy9r0T8Z2fEAi46LTAfkO5f7vti/s1600/file.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 264px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga-GdfKSi4kJty4KzXVUtvYf4DT8AGeGNNlUNq7knKyWEtyf51cjzM1YVtdgFqZJ6DoLz-eqriE03axAfQPI2KUVYU2FcM8k14xqu5GJQPGqVoBDE7Goy9r0T8Z2fEAi46LTAfkO5f7vti/s320/file.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5459654729726413490" width="264" height="320" /></a>
<br />
<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHJBUlZln8Ixgp0jsLQAXHJ9yNg4fLxewj0PekKHfEydkrYKOro7hwG6AiJNolyDWDn0J5uDHv-K7VHz6BrqtO3amhKIds1uQWCPGDEu2wr1dVd0ZVJrMEsepXAzcqIwSQZ9Y_FaKdv4ry/s1600/text.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 244px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHJBUlZln8Ixgp0jsLQAXHJ9yNg4fLxewj0PekKHfEydkrYKOro7hwG6AiJNolyDWDn0J5uDHv-K7VHz6BrqtO3amhKIds1uQWCPGDEu2wr1dVd0ZVJrMEsepXAzcqIwSQZ9Y_FaKdv4ry/s320/text.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5459655027778245234" width="244" height="320" /></a>
<li>I entered <strong>TXT</strong> in the File Extension field opted Text
Document as Associated File Type and clicked <strong>OK</strong>.
</li>
<br />
<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiV3xOC2kQwh8Xd0HMDQPc2NM-aVoMTli1IFSifOoSnMt9up1La7C8bh6_lyg7e-4UOSuwXWrm5UXccqyPJ4Za9hI6yQq3CEHiPVVrUd5yhJTj9Kd4HLekjTcNMvTZv1EaB1DSW5Apr8ZCo/s1600/ok.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 117px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiV3xOC2kQwh8Xd0HMDQPc2NM-aVoMTli1IFSifOoSnMt9up1La7C8bh6_lyg7e-4UOSuwXWrm5UXccqyPJ4Za9hI6yQq3CEHiPVVrUd5yhJTj9Kd4HLekjTcNMvTZv1EaB1DSW5Apr8ZCo/s320/ok.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5459655327392667442" width="320" height="117" /></a>
</ul>Swatantra Choudharyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15699364456623432980noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-604192876429456751.post-24820812860289682452010-04-02T18:54:00.004+05:302010-04-29T13:02:54.298+05:30how to change autosearch default site<p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">type <b>regedit</b> from
start > Run and go
to <br>
<b>
[HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Internet
Explorer\SearchUrl]</b></font></p>
<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2CoNiIdXp0nZlgfbzhOlpewVEBXaVNYrguMd_NqBukv3eR-R_S9jWtPFl7fpIyQOnIayj32SlMUoPFjFf9SwRWzUbf2eKGq8Z7tCwxIXnTXSD1kIv4sqz-fqRw8tJA657x86GL5XyljI4/s1600/google.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 135px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2CoNiIdXp0nZlgfbzhOlpewVEBXaVNYrguMd_NqBukv3eR-R_S9jWtPFl7fpIyQOnIayj32SlMUoPFjFf9SwRWzUbf2eKGq8Z7tCwxIXnTXSD1kIv4sqz-fqRw8tJA657x86GL5XyljI4/s320/google.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5455534274366995474" /></a>
<p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">find
the string
value "provider" and change the <b> value</b> to <br>
"provider"="google" or <b> value data</b> to http://www.google.com/search?q=%s</font></p>Swatantra Choudharyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15699364456623432980noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-604192876429456751.post-22856834464589497692010-04-02T18:05:00.007+05:302010-04-02T19:11:01.686+05:30Remove unwanted entries from the Right Click menu<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">
A <b>context menu</b> is the little menu which pops up when you right click on files, folders or icons. e.g., right click on a desktop icon and if you have Anti-virus installed it will have 'Scan with ... Anti-virus' as a choice.</font>
<table align='center'>
<tr>
<td>
<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEht8n-5U7WkIuEaSMGN88rN9-fEzE7iMU3fNVBgzL1lJafK8hcoDlSdj8qSgRdyDNZqzFZHUNx6SGp4AJJa42jQbNoXFNVbgGvMakVZeyXS90XpYuLoeNPMhvr3TvXyfg5YmDTJh1H2NlS2/s1600/2.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 162px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEht8n-5U7WkIuEaSMGN88rN9-fEzE7iMU3fNVBgzL1lJafK8hcoDlSdj8qSgRdyDNZqzFZHUNx6SGp4AJJa42jQbNoXFNVbgGvMakVZeyXS90XpYuLoeNPMhvr3TvXyfg5YmDTJh1H2NlS2/s320/2.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5455523289243241250" width="162" height="320" /></a>
</td>
<td width='20px'> </td>
<td>
<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqjwgJncmgG3wGJbAo1z84aru-FShUU75Z9ptO3gb4EofWLnxrXIA7rhG0u2R8jTyxBNkiHyNy8hQ4f4LylbjOk-9dy_4hTV6WvwpkiugIyqDCJWjJqnUPC7kEP1mIbtVlcSRMGsOam3-y/s1600/1.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 184px; height: 289px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqjwgJncmgG3wGJbAo1z84aru-FShUU75Z9ptO3gb4EofWLnxrXIA7rhG0u2R8jTyxBNkiHyNy8hQ4f4LylbjOk-9dy_4hTV6WvwpkiugIyqDCJWjJqnUPC7kEP1mIbtVlcSRMGsOam3-y/s320/1.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5455523199755808754" width="184" height="289" /></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">
<span
style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"><span
class="blacktext2">The first step to getting rid of these entries
involves opening the programs in question and looking
through their
options to see if you can unselect any 'integration' or
'context
menu' options they have. If that fails, and the program
absolutely
insists on being an intimate part of your Windows, you can
edit
the registry as follows:</span><br>
<br>
<span class="blacktext2">1. Before we make any changes in
the registry,
and even though you should have a full System Restore
and/or Registry
backup already, back up the registry keys which will be
affected
in this tweak: </span><br>
<br>
<span class="blacktext2">[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\*]</span><br>
<span class="blacktext2">[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Directory]</span><br>
<span class="blacktext2">[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Drive]</span><br>
<span class="blacktext2">[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Folder] </span><br>
<br>
<span class="blacktext2">2. Do this by opening Regedit,
find the relevant
sub-folder, right-click on it and select Export. Make sure
the "Selected
Branch" option is selected under </span></span><st1:place><st1:placename><span
class="blacktext2"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Export</span></span></st1:placename><span
class="blacktext2"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"> </span></span><st1:placetype><span
class="blacktext2"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Range</span></span></st1:placetype></st1:place><span
class="blacktext2"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">, then enter a
descriptive name
and save it somewhere safe. Do that for each one of the
four sub-folders
above. If anything goes wrong, instead of firing up System
Restore
or restoring the entire registry you can double-click on
these files
and everything is quickly fixed.</span></span><span
style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"><br>
<br>
<span class="blacktext2">3. Now, go to the following
sub-folders and
delete references to programs you know have set up
offending context
menu entries. For example, in my system under
[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\*\shellex\ContextMenuHandlers]
I found the key <i>Symantec.Norton.Antivirus.IEContextMenu</i>
which
I deleted. The first volley in the war against the
invasion of my
menus by Symantec. Here are all the places you should look
in:</span><br>
<br>
<span class="blacktext2">[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\*\OpenWithList]</span><br>
<span class="blacktext2">[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\*\shellex\ContextMenuHandlers]</span><br>
<br>
<span class="blacktext2">[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Directory\shell]</span><br>
<span class="blacktext2">[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Directory\shellex\ContextMenuHandlers]</span><br>
<br>
<span class="blacktext2">[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Drive\shell]</span><br>
<span class="blacktext2">[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Drive\shellex\ContextMenuHandlers]</span><br>
<br>
<span class="blacktext2">[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Folder\shell]</span><br>
<span class="blacktext2">[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Folder\shellex\ContextMenuHandlers]</span></span></font>
<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"><span
class="blacktext2">4. As you're removing all the unwanted program
entries, you should see the effects immediately - no
reboot required.
Remove an entry from the
[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Drive\shellex\ContextMenuHandlers]
subfolder for example and open Explorer, then right click
on your
hard drive name and you should see the corresponding
program you
removed in the registry is gone from the context menu too.
When
you're done, you should see the default context menus
devoid of
the added rubbish.</span></span></font>
<table align='center'>
<tr>
<td>
<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIK2cYugwqYod0MdB_zgcwT-x4O36TIuiwkKqLTSA7t9geQgJCKmI2gqSQ59eNZ8fLqb-sX6C2-Qu99rQ2M_QXdjElaeSF_bXro4zHHBZtXNWmS33yES_i5OjcvOVWqyZy6Eqk-cwKcFZ3/s1600/3.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 126px; height: 211px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIK2cYugwqYod0MdB_zgcwT-x4O36TIuiwkKqLTSA7t9geQgJCKmI2gqSQ59eNZ8fLqb-sX6C2-Qu99rQ2M_QXdjElaeSF_bXro4zHHBZtXNWmS33yES_i5OjcvOVWqyZy6Eqk-cwKcFZ3/s320/3.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5455527911129868626" width="126" height="211" /></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"><span
class="blacktext2">If any of the programs whose context menu
entries you've removed start displaying strange behaviour,
restore
the registry entries you backed up previously, or just
reinstall
the program. As long as you only delete program entries
and none
of the default Windows entries, all the normal context
menu items
will still remain.</span></span></font>Swatantra Choudharyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15699364456623432980noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-604192876429456751.post-10454396080236189272010-01-13T12:35:00.011+05:302010-01-13T13:08:46.307+05:30What is svchost.exe<p>I always wonder why on earth there are nearly a ton processes running with the name <em>svchost.exe</em>. What are they?</p>
<p><strong>What Is It?</strong></p>
<p>According to Microsoft: “svchost.exe(Generic Host Process for Win32 Services) is a generic host process name for services that run from dynamic-link libraries”. It cannot be stopped or restarted manually. This process manages 32-bit DLLs and other services. At startup, Svchost.exe checks the services portion of the registry and constructs a list of services that it needs to load. Under normal conditions, multiple instances of Svchost.exe will be running simultaneously.</p>
<p> Microsoft started moving all of the functionality from internal Windows services into .dll files instead of .exe files. From a programming perspective this makes more sense for reusability… but the problem is that you can’t launch a .dll file directly from Windows, it has to be loaded up from a running executable (.exe). Thus the svchost.exe process was born.</p>
<p>Svchost.exe groups are identified in the following registry key: </p>
<div><strong>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\WindowsNT\CurrentVersion\Svchost</strong></div>
<p><strong>Why there are so many svchost.exes Running?</strong></p>
<p>If you’ve ever taken a look at the Services section in control panel you might notice that there are a Lot of services required by Windows. If every single service ran under a single svchost.exe instance, a failure in one might bring down all of Windows… so they are separated out.</p>
<p>Those services are organized into logical groups, and then a single svchost.exe instance is created for each group. For instance, one svchost.exe instance runs the 3 services related to the firewall. Another svchost.exe instance might run all the services related to the user interface, and so on.</p>
<p><strong>What Can I Do About It?</strong></p>
<p>You can trim down unneeded services by disabling or stopping the services that don’t absolutely need to be running. Additionally, if you are noticing very heavy CPU usage on a single svchost.exe instance you can restart the services running under that instance.</p>
<p>The biggest problem is identifying what services are being run on a particular svchost.exe instance… we’ll cover that below.</p>
<p>If you are curious what we’re talking about, just open up Task Manager and check the “Show processes from all users” box:</p>
<p><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjifFGy1FSaQYzhY2MjVA9EVMWcIJ8Y4NXO8Wf-X0_LNBecNKgu9bR0bYZ8_kQVnyTXQq1GGFdC-PDVJOG0JXWruHcHzmGgWjw60Io1_S-Iekz-N1NgTRcY5OqauvcV25sVhtoD1pp8Qtkj/s1600-h/image1.png"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 279px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjifFGy1FSaQYzhY2MjVA9EVMWcIJ8Y4NXO8Wf-X0_LNBecNKgu9bR0bYZ8_kQVnyTXQq1GGFdC-PDVJOG0JXWruHcHzmGgWjw60Io1_S-Iekz-N1NgTRcY5OqauvcV25sVhtoD1pp8Qtkj/s320/image1.png" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5426117333935788850" /></a></p>
<p><strong>Checking From the Command Line (Vista or XP Pro)</strong></p>
<p>If you want to see what services are being hosted by a particular svchost.exe instance, you can use the tasklist command from the command prompt in order to see the list of services.</p>
<blockquote>
<p style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:left;"> tasklist /SVC</p>
</blockquote>
<p><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDX4TKJaRcIStnYW7uIx4fZp_YzWyZCBvM0CmDu7RG57QpOd20ggLljaZ4VfbV1yNbMQYq6caASSmQ7zcPYfcP2ZlXPYNtcURjLNhMdqLMmZG7KdKgQ20bWM24y9f7mLF3i075Xw1_T8UQ/s1600-h/image2.png"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 177px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDX4TKJaRcIStnYW7uIx4fZp_YzWyZCBvM0CmDu7RG57QpOd20ggLljaZ4VfbV1yNbMQYq6caASSmQ7zcPYfcP2ZlXPYNtcURjLNhMdqLMmZG7KdKgQ20bWM24y9f7mLF3i075Xw1_T8UQ/s320/image2.png" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5426117806050540834" /></a></p>
<p>The problem with using the command line method is that you don’t necessarily know what these cryptic names refer to.</p>
<p><strong>Checking in Task Manager in Vista</strong></p>
<p>You can right-click on a particular svchost.exe process, and then choose the “Go to Service” option.</p>
<p><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6o4zfLaB2K4wWnU8WtC8p4qHOtOi4VVQC5mWdhni1uCvpfjhWGytGqlRi3Ac3rhX-4e3nm9MbRvw_F6zfcItALJC26kqpGj3_fLO54xarz880Xak2jTpWFSnf-3NqoGj2cIXIQ63HBZ7w/s1600-h/image3.png"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 200px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6o4zfLaB2K4wWnU8WtC8p4qHOtOi4VVQC5mWdhni1uCvpfjhWGytGqlRi3Ac3rhX-4e3nm9MbRvw_F6zfcItALJC26kqpGj3_fLO54xarz880Xak2jTpWFSnf-3NqoGj2cIXIQ63HBZ7w/s320/image3.png" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5426118218917616962" /></a></p>
<p>This will flip over to the Services tab, where the services running under that svchost.exe process will be selected: </p>
<p><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjArv5M9VveMvIM_-xJqrxCL2roYh2kFxENHb2RFrI0103jnmfWcaeRtTQpB3e9SOCYCbB9xpSsNM3uciqMvtdgF83ZcTvEkh0BWO9oaIzKGUYtC-gSW7R9jLlGUXTqqkgBQr9I_ZN7NvKU/s1600-h/image4.png"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 293px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjArv5M9VveMvIM_-xJqrxCL2roYh2kFxENHb2RFrI0103jnmfWcaeRtTQpB3e9SOCYCbB9xpSsNM3uciqMvtdgF83ZcTvEkh0BWO9oaIzKGUYtC-gSW7R9jLlGUXTqqkgBQr9I_ZN7NvKU/s320/image4.png" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5426118644779383554" /></a></p>
<p>The great thing about doing it this way is that you can see the real name under the Description column, so you can choose to disable the service if you don’t want it running.</p>
<p><strong>Using Process Explorer in Vista or XP</strong></p>
<p>You can use the excellent <a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb896653.aspx">Process Explorer</a> utility from Microsoft/Sysinternals to see what services are running as a part of a svchost.exe process.</p>
<p>Hovering your mouse over one of the processes will show you a popup list of all the services:</p>
<p><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhx9Bi3RuI1UOrRTMu5VCwmK1o3Xfr_JE7_0KHHUADsEdRsvWqqP6d09vnaZQ6wtYvJa80qsA35ksl8LwfoE-_qwiSdWPKwbgtspBNhclqStnWayIBVN0vjB-lS9BuY5kaPB77B1e6gSYDg/s1600-h/image5.png"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 271px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhx9Bi3RuI1UOrRTMu5VCwmK1o3Xfr_JE7_0KHHUADsEdRsvWqqP6d09vnaZQ6wtYvJa80qsA35ksl8LwfoE-_qwiSdWPKwbgtspBNhclqStnWayIBVN0vjB-lS9BuY5kaPB77B1e6gSYDg/s320/image5.png" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5426119305557711650" /></a></p>
<p>Or you can double-click on a svchost.exe instance and select the Services tab, where you can choose to stop one of the services if you choose.</p>
<p><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKgQImNTCvGkRHMbOKunktbs_YawMcidB4T-1NX62WC-u-WM1kGsd6MghWXqbqOSTu5Di-Yj-eipLYza2XbcfehAwrk9NcP-YWtLP3lMd7vI3p9P2V3CJpwSL_drOQyaG1EeXNN7ADqUhf/s1600-h/image6.png"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 246px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKgQImNTCvGkRHMbOKunktbs_YawMcidB4T-1NX62WC-u-WM1kGsd6MghWXqbqOSTu5Di-Yj-eipLYza2XbcfehAwrk9NcP-YWtLP3lMd7vI3p9P2V3CJpwSL_drOQyaG1EeXNN7ADqUhf/s320/image6.png" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5426119524404590162" /></a></p>
<p><strong>Disabling Services</strong></p>
<p>Open up Services from the administrative tools section of Control Panel, or type <em>services.msc</em> into the start menu search or run box.</p>
<p>Find the service in the list that you’d like to disable, and either double-click on it or right-click and choose Properties.</p>
<p><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG0DKdDxy8F5aU18r18kuvWJN6GFiudOK2FSExCtEZNa3l6BTryfyHnYDuIvjqmjZd3GBjJ_7xahb9Th9oCp0-19-ohDsudFjPJFTquFxILOnNwcAkEz9iG_ZBINtmbcn8-w9A_3KcdtXa/s1600-h/image7.png"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 225px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG0DKdDxy8F5aU18r18kuvWJN6GFiudOK2FSExCtEZNa3l6BTryfyHnYDuIvjqmjZd3GBjJ_7xahb9Th9oCp0-19-ohDsudFjPJFTquFxILOnNwcAkEz9iG_ZBINtmbcn8-w9A_3KcdtXa/s320/image7.png" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5426121483420311874" /></a></p>
<p>Change the Startup Type to Disabled, and then click the Stop button to immediately stop it.</p>
<p><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVDDUrzDPT69BvIVQc1G1b-MXNwxsYd4FvZPZltWf4NifBsfgrLOGhqTfCIrVIZWvhjQErVIp4ORCboFV0hq_47tbwhUaDH2ZBq1edAfnXMHhqb86AF02VDIraelubv8tVgAK9_NGtJoYE/s1600-h/image8.png"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 287px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVDDUrzDPT69BvIVQc1G1b-MXNwxsYd4FvZPZltWf4NifBsfgrLOGhqTfCIrVIZWvhjQErVIp4ORCboFV0hq_47tbwhUaDH2ZBq1edAfnXMHhqb86AF02VDIraelubv8tVgAK9_NGtJoYE/s320/image8.png" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5426121698744601618" /></a></p>
<p>You could also use the command prompt to disable the service if you choose. In this command “trkwks” is the Service name from the above dialog, but if you go back to the tasklist command at the beginning of this article you’ll notice you can find it there as well.</p>
<blockquote>
<p style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:left;"> sc config trkwks start= disabled</p>
</blockquote>Swatantra Choudharyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15699364456623432980noreply@blogger.com0